The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002.

Economic Growth Essay

There are different drivers of economic growth into country and research has to some extent also demonstrated that it can be associated with typical characteristics of the country too. Explaining economic growth through a relatively new theory of endogenous growth suggest that policy measures, if taken properly, can result into long term benefits for the country and that the country does not necessarily need to rely on the external or exogenous factors such as technological innovation. The neo-classical models of growth advocated that in order to attain a consistent long term economic growth, a consistent change into the technological advances such as new processes, new goods and new markets etc must take place. (Aghion et. al, 1998). It has always been believed that high investment and saving rates in any country tend to sustain high economic growth in that country and that coupled with relatively stable economic outlook, a higher saving rate can significantly result into greater economic growth because a larger pool of funds will be available to the firms, in the shape of household savings, that can be utilized to the best possible efficiency. It is also imperative to discuss here that the trends of saving markedly differ in developing as well as developed countries as developing countries tend to have high saving rates due to relatively smaller propensity to consume of the general masses. Since developing countries do no possess the strong manufacturing base therefore consumption tends to be relatively low as compared to the developed countries and people prefer to save rather than spend. (Aghevli, at. al, 1990) One of the most important aspects of economic growth is how the saving rates in a country shape and how they with respect to the different economic variables. However, over the period of time, research has also demonstrated that saving rates show a correlation with different economic variables in any given country. Though the same characteristics may be find over some regions however it is still believed that country’s individual characteristics such as demographics, rule of law, public finances, also show some relationship with the saving rates. It has been also successfully demonstrated that the saving rates are uneven across the countries confirming to the argument that saving rates respond to certain characteristics which may be typical of that country or region however in a study conducted by Hondroyiannis (2006) suggested that â€Å"A long-run saving function sensitive to dependency ratio, old dependency ratio, liquidity, public finances, real disposable income growth, real interest rate and inflation is found to exist†(Hondroyiannis,2006) in European countries. Thus, to some extent, it can be easily inferred that the saving rates in a particular country or a region show some related characteristics and tend to get affected by different so called country specific characteristics however the impact is in long run with little or no impact been witnessed on the short run saving rates within any country. One of the most interesting findings of the research also suggest that the government savings, in any particular country, are not particularly exogenous in nature and respond to the political as well as economic determinants of the country. (Edwards,1996). This cross country analysis conducted by Edwards strongly suggested that public savings in countries with higher degree of political instability are lower than the countries with relatively stable political situation at hand. References 1. Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt, Maxine Brant-Collett, Cecilia Garcia-Penalosa (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. New York: MIT Press. 694. 2. George Hondroyiannis. (2006). Private saving determinants in European countries: A panel cointegration approach . The Social Science Journal. 43 (4), 553-569 . 3. Sebastian Edwards. (1996). Why are Latin America’s Savings Rates So Low? An International Comparative Analysis. Journal of Development Economics,. 51 (1), 5-44. 4. Bijan B. Aghevli, James M. Boughton, Peter J. Montiel, Del Villanueva (1990). The Role of National Saving in the World Economy. New York: International Monetary Fund. 64.

Slavery Dbq - 835 Words

The time period from 1775 to 1830 was full of changes. The United States was developing into its own country, with its own freedoms. As the government began to settle, the issue of slavery was ever present. Nobody was quite sure of how to handle slavery. While some people fought to have slavery abolished, others completely opposed the idea of no longer having slaves. It was during this time period that many slaves managed to gain their freedom; however slavery as an institution continued to expand. Even though the many states passed laws outlawing the practice of slavery, the slave trade in the states that still allowed slavery grew immensely. During The Revolutionary War, The British Army called upon slaves and indentured servants to†¦show more content†¦Religion gave the African American hope, for they selected stories from the bible that applied to their lives of oppression, and it helped them to see freedom. Religion was extremely important to the freed people because it gave them a place to all be together as a community (Doc D). Although they weren’t fully granted all the same basic rights as a white man, freed slaves were still very grateful to many whites. They even saw whites as â€Å"instruments in the hand of God,† for the whites not only helped them achieve freedom, but helped them to have better lives (Doc E). Not all whites were radical abolitions who wanted complete and total rights for African Americans, but some took a more moderate standpoint. They still supported the abolitionist cause, but were more fond of the American Colonization Society (Doc H). They merely wanted everyone to revert back to their old ways of life, as if slavery had never taken place. Even some slave owners weren’t completely opposed to the idea of freeing their slaves, and would let their own slaves purchase their freedom (Doc F). In a sense, this shows that slavery was dying out on its own. Freedom for all slaves seemed to be inevitable. Wh ile the time period from 1775 to 1830 may seem like an era of freeing slaves and ending slavery, the institution of slavery expanded. The North may have been abolishing slavery, but slavery continued to grow rapidly in the south (Doc C). Having slaves was just economically efficient forShow MoreRelatedDbq on Slavery793 Words   |  4 Pages in many places African Americans gained their freedom from slavery and in others, the institution of slavery expanded. Eventually, slavery became abundant in places where it was most necessary and died out in the places where it was of little use. In response, most free African Americans and enslaved African Americans took action against their maltreatment by petitions and willingness to fight. The first trend of declining slavery was visible from the first declared emancipation of slaves byRead MoreDbq on Slavery765 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION: What was the scope and the attitude of people toward the institution of slavery in the world from the beginning of civilization to the dawn of modern times? Note to the wise: Look at the content of the documents, the place at which the document originated, and the time at which the document was written. Also consider who wrote the document and how that individual feels about the institution of slavery. Document 1 The Judgements of Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.) Mesopotamia| If a manRead MoreAbolition Of Slavery DBQ Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Abolition of Slavery DBQ Essay Slavery in the United States first started in 1619, when African slaves were transported to Jamestown, a settlement in the colony in Virginia. These slaves were brought to the United States primarily to help with the making of crops, especially tobacco. The practice of slavery remained present throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in other colonies of the United States, which helped build and strengthen the American economy as a whole. In 1793, theRead MoreDbq: American and Muslim Slaveries1164 Words   |  5 PagesDocument-based Question: American and Muslim Slaveries Slavery is as old as the world s first civilizations. Two important slave movements were the one across the Sahara Desert and another along the East African coasts of the Indian Ocean, both of which terminated in slave markets in the Muslim world. The subject of slavery is viewed in contrast by different parts of the world. Narrowing to the topic of slavery in the Americas and the Muslim states, it is apparent that the two regions containRead Morewhat were the different views towards slavery DBQ1258 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes of my understanding the document. These documents are all based on the institution of slavery and the attitudes about slavery. I put these eight documents into two groups and those are for slavery and neutral attitude thought about slavery. These eight documents are all sorted by attitude and are going to be from the beginning of time to modern day. The first group is the thought that slavery was a good thing. The first document in this group is document number one. This document statesRead MoreAlison Brady. Period 5. December 4, 2012. Dbq #1. Slavery1637 Words   |  7 PagesAlison Brady Period 5 December 4, 2012 DBQ #1 Slavery was the main cause of the breakup of the Union and influenced other factors, such as territorial expansion, industrialization and economic tensions, and political alignments. Combined, all of these conflicts, with slavery at the root, led to the conflicts in the nation that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery caused conflict regarding new territories, economic stratification, and political turmoil. All of these tensions served to divideRead MoreImperialism : Economic Benefits For Larger Countries1147 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism DBQ Essay Imperialism has economic benefits for larger countries but it is mainly used as an excuse for sophisticated, industrial countries to expand their empire at the cost of the people of uncivilized territories. First, imperialism over empowers the oppressors to the point of dictatorship, and leaves the native people as no more than slaves. The idea of slavery has a very dark history in America, but not only America has experienced the horrors of slavery. Documents 3, 4, 5, 8, 9Read MoreAlthough New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by People of English Origin, by 1700 the Regions Had Evolved Into Two Distinct Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?784 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? AP U.S history DBQ #2 8/28/12 The New England and the Chesapeake regions were both from English origin. However, they had completely different societies. Each settlement had different intension of why they wanted to settle in the new world. New England and Chesapeake colonies hadRead MoreThe Role of Capitalists Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesNick  Reynolds   12/4/14   U.S  History   G  Block   The  Role  of  Capitalists  DBQ   Many  capitalists  worked  to  shape  post  Civil  War  America  through  building  new   businesses  to  employ  many  people  and  create  new  jobs  as  well  as  change  America  through   creating  new  inventions  such  as  a  faster  and  cheaper  way  of  producing  steel  and  discovering   the  uses  and  increasing  demand  for  oil.  All  of  these  inventions  would  change  America,  with   the  faster  and  more  efficient  method  of  steel  production  massive  skyscrapers  rose  in  the  Read MoreSugar Dbq949 Words   |  4 PagesSugar DBQ During the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries the sugar trade was driven by high consumer demand, and the slave trade. Sugar was so high in consumer demand and addicting that in certain areas an average person would consume sixteen pounds a year. Evidence of this is shown in document G. The document conveys the annual per capita consumption ( in pounds ) from the year 1700 to the year 1770 in England. When analyzing document C, readers realize that the high amount of consumption