Keplers Laws Essay examples - 1479 Words

Keplers Laws In todays world, we have very advanced technology. There have been many new technological and medical advancements as we entered the new century. The Internet allows us to shop, talk, and find valuable information on very scarce topics, and even check stocks with a simple click of a button. Medical advancements had recently been discovered on The Human Genome Projects, the first gene was mapped and within a short period of time we will have mapped out all the genes in a human chromosome. This is absolutely amazing because we will now be able to reveal the many causes of serious deadly diseases. Throughout the years, we have gained the technology to send astronauts into space to gather new information about our†¦show more content†¦Brahe did not trust Kepler and worried that Kepler would surpass him and become more well known than him. So Brahe assigned him the job of understanding the orbit of Mars because it gave Brahe much difficulty, and would keep Kepler occupied while Brahe worked on his theory of the solar system. Brahe also kept other data from Kepler hoping that he would be the one to discover the orbits of the planets before Kepler did. In 1601, when Brahe died Kepler received all of Brahes data. Whether he obtained this data legally or not is still in debate today, however, it is fortunate that he obtained this data. (Silverberg, 160) When Kepler first began his work on the orbit of Mars he was under the assumption, as many scientists were, that the planetary orbits were circular, and that the Sun was at the center of the orbits. This type of system is called a heliocentric system. Also at this time only six planets were known. When Kepler obtained Brahes data he discovered that the orbits were not perfect circles, but instead were ellipses that were only slightly flattened. The reason nobody else realized this was because the orbits were so slightly elliptical that extensive investigation and data would be needed to show this. It also turned out that the reason the orbit of Mars was very difficult to understand was because its orbit was more eccentric than the other planets that Kepler and Brahe had data about. To understand a lot of Keplers work you must firstShow MoreRelated Keplers Laws and Planetary Movement Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversial conclusions of Copernicus, scientists already began to a dopt the idea of a heliocentric solar system. Further advancements in astronomy came about through the research of Tycho Brahe and his assistant Johannes Kepler. The three planetary laws developed by Kepler with the data gathered by Brahe shaped the way in which science viewed the structure and motion of the planets of the solar system in profound ways, lasting to this day. A Brief History of Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler beganRead MoreJohannes Kepler, The Father Of Modern Astronomy1575 Words   |  7 Pagesideals of education, secularism, and observation while bridging medieval astronomy with modern science. His research and studies contributed to the unraveling of his three laws of planetary motion. Kepler pushed the need to question authority and gave future scientists the tools to begin mapping the universe. Johannes Kepler’s aptitude for astronomy was extremely evident, even in his early years. He published his first book â€Å"Mysterium Cosmographicum† at the young age of 25. He was always persistentRead MoreJohannes Kepler s A Perfect World985 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals (Kendura 1988). Kepler’s life definitely represents the hassles a normal person’s life is like. In his rational world he could logically come up with a reason for different phenomenas. He spends his life researching planetary orbit and astronomical tables. Dealing with his rational world is somewhat easier than dealing with his emotional and social worlds because the rational world is based on research, facts, and evidence. For Toulmin planetary orbit is just a physical law of nature, which accordingRead MoreEssay on Johannes Kepler1478 Words   |  6 PagesSaturn, and the â€Å"fixed stars†. The Ptolemaic system explained the numerous observed motions of the planets as having small spherical orbits called epicycles (â€Å"Astronomy† 2). Kepler is best known for introducing three effectual, applicable and valid laws of planetary motion by using the precise data he had developed from Tycho Brahe, a Danish astronomer, which helped Copernicus’s theory of the solar system gain universal reception (â€Å"Johan Kepler† 1). Nevertheless, he had made furt her effective contributionsRead MoreEssay on The Scientific Revolution1344 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of divine design were Robert Boyle (1627 -1691), Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) and Sir Issac Newton (1642- 1727). Boyle’s Law demonstrated how the inverse relationship between pressure and volumes of gas is representative of the concept of cause and effect. Kepler’s First Law of Planetary Motion demonstrates how God designed the universe like a mechanism. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation shows how God designed the universe according to mathematical principles. Finally, Isaac Newton’s TheoryRead MoreThe Life of Johannes Kepler Essay1952 Words   |  8 Pagescollection of astronomical observations. After years of studying these observations, Kepler realized that his previous thought about planetary motion were wrong, and he came up with his three laws of planetary motion. Unfortunately, he did not have a unifying theory for these laws. This had to until Newton formulated his laws of gravity and motion. PLATONIC SOLIDS A platonic solid is a solid having similar, regular polygonal faces. There are five Platonic solids: the icosahedron, tetrahedron, octahedronRead MoreKepler s Laws Of Planetary Motion1017 Words   |  5 PagesKepler’s Laws Johannes Kepler formulated the Three Laws of Planetary Motion. The first is the Law of Orbits, stating that all planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. The second law is the Law of Areas. This is the idea that a line that connects the planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas in the plane of the planet’s orbit in equal time intervals. Last is the Law of Periods which states that the square of the period of any planet is proportional to the cube of the semi majorRead MoreThe Time Of Aristotle s Theory On Religion And The Understanding Of The Universe1383 Words   |  6 Pagesbut to also challenge prior classical interpretations of nature with his three laws of planetary motion. The first law is that the orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus. His second law is that a line from a planet to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of time. Kepler’s third law is that a planet’s orbital period is proportional to its average distance from the sun cubed. All these laws were a result of Kepler abandoning two-thousand-year-old beliefs about the motionsRead MoreKepler s Laws Of Planetary Motion2539 Words   |  11 PagesKepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician and astronomer. Best known for his laws of planetary motion, Kepler was a key figure in the scientific revolution in the 17th century. His laws illustrate the fundamental properties of the orbits of the planets and were also a precursor to the formulation of Newton’s law of gravitation. Biography: Kepler was introduced to astronomy in his early years and developed a passion for it, which would span his entire life. AtRead MoreTaking a Look at Orbital Mechanics661 Words   |  3 Pagescelestial mechanics to motion, especially pertaining to rockets and spacecraft. Many famous physicists and mathematicians have helped develop equations, formulas, and laws to understand different aspects of orbital mechanics; such as Newton with centripetal force and the gravitational constant (GM) and also Kepler and his three laws of planetary motion. Though my interest did not sprout from who was involved with orbital mechanics, but the orbital mechanics themselves. I’ve always had an interest

Globalization And The 21st Century - 1433 Words

Globalisation is the new buzzword that has come to dominate the world and has made the world today, â€Å"a global village† as the world getting smaller and smaller. It is the process where the economies of various countries in the world become more and more connected to one another. Globalisation is an inevitable phenomenon in human life that has been bringing the world closer through the exchange of goods, information, knowledge and culture. Over the last few decades, globalization has become much faster and more dramatic because of unprecedented advancements in technology, communication, science, industry and transport. We are in the 21st century with globalization in its blooming stage. It is actually integration among the people and interaction between companies of different governments and nations. Globalisation is depended upon international trade, investment and information technology. Also globalization effects culture, human-physical well being and most importantly e conomic developments around the world. Globalisation started around 1980’s which made international trade and financial growth easier and quicker for countries all over the world. Globalisation has led to economic rise not only to developed countries but to the developing countries as well. Moreover it has brought new opportunities to developing countries and developed nations. Although globalisation comes with maximum benefits but it has some certain down falls too. Financial condition of developingShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Is A Symbol Of The 21st Century1874 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough globalization is saw as a symbol of the 21st century, the process of globalization is interrupt and challenge in 2016. The whole world is facing many dramatic changes in 2016. In fact, some of these changes may be the historic changes that have an important effect on the future. The United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union, which is also known as Brexit, the victory o f Donald Trump in the United States presidential election, the new Philippines’ populist president Rodrigo DuterteRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The 21st Century1824 Words   |  8 PagesAdvances in transportation and telecommunication infrastructure have been major factors in globalisation in the 21st century. Globalisation presents a number of challenges to modern organisations and leaders which must be carefully managed to allow an organisation to meet its goals, mission and strategies. While there is no one leadership style or theory that is a fit for all organisations, each theory has its merits. The Full Range Leadership Model and Complexity Leadership Theory both present effectiveRead MoreWhat Is Globalization, and Is It a Positive Force for Good in the 21st Century.1891 Words   |  8 PagesWhat is globalization, and is it a positive force for good in the 21st century. It is hard to define globalization and seems â€Å"easier to describe than to define† (Kiggundu, 2002:3). â€Å"Globalization has become, the most important economic, political, and cultural phenomenon of our time. Around the globe the integration of the world economy is not only reshaping business but also reordering the lives of individuals, creating new social classes, different jobs, unimaginable wealth, and, occasionallyRead MoreThe Impact Of Globalization On Sports Managers Will Face Within The 21st Century1791 Words   |  8 PagesGlobalization can be defined as â€Å"the process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and government of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology† (The Levin Institute, 2015). Globalization is aided by the increasingly easy relation of information between individuals. This aid has been extended into areas including: â€Å"political, economic, social, and cultural† (Thibault, 2009). In relation to these areas, subsectionsRead MoreHuman Resource Management : A Theoretical Perspective1241 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Resource Management in 21st Century: A Theoretical Perspective Dr.Sushma Tiwari,Faculty,Deptt.of MBA(HRD),A.P.S.University,Rewa(M.P.) ABSTRACT- This article focuses upon role of human resource management practice in 21st century. This theoretical paper is aiming the importance of human resource managers, HR practices and its influencing factors. In addition to that, this article also elaborates the upcoming challenges which are faced by 21st century HR managers. Author has conducted HR literatureRead MoreHr Field Of Human Resource Management1668 Words   |  7 PagesHR in the 21st century Introduction: As the business world journeyed into the 21st century, the traditional ways of handling many business aspects slowly drifted away. This â€Å"turn-of-the-century† brought a whole new way of how businesses operate and the departments within. These new ways of the business include the prominence of technology, the ongoing fight for diversity in the workplace, and expansion on globalization. Because these changes also effect the employees within the workplace, thisRead MoreInterview Questions For A Vice President Of The Marketing Division Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesThe following are proposed interview questions addressing issues such as the 21st business landscape, the role of the leader, leadership styles, the need to bring trust to the corporation, and globalization The 21st business landscape 1. Do you have the qualities of a successful 21st century business leader? The answer expected is â€Å"yes†, as the perfect candidate for the position should have the qualities of a 21st century business leader? 2. What are they? They include but are not limited to confidenceRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe impact that globalization provided to the world was a positive effect that expanded the influences from one country to another. Globalization is the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture. Similarities on how national markets established themselves in other countries which increases not only international trade but also cultural exchange. This increases cultural trade because it gives countries the abilityRead MoreDifferences Between 20th And 21st Century Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Differences between 20th and 21st Century Leadership David D. Wimberly University of Maryland University College Professor Nina Kostalas â€Æ' Introduction Companies need to review organizational structures, position the company strategically to secure a competitive advantage, and sustainability in through people-centric leadership and adopting 21st-century strategies to retain profit and relevancy (Basavanthappa, 2014). To do this requires leadership: a scientific concept whose central hypothesisRead MoreEthical Leadership in 21st Century Global Organizations1711 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Leadership in 21st Century Global Organisations Introduction: Business leadership is inherently challenging, calling for an individual or collective of leaders with a strong sense of organization, a critical understanding of the internal peculiarities of a given operation and a firm recognition of the ever-shifting external conditions contextualizing the business. The demands incumbent upon organizational leadership require an integration of vision, pragmatism, strategic orientation and

The Economic Factors Affecting Poverty Free Essays

Poverty is a major problem in the United States today. This mind map includes the categories of individual behavior, social factors, economic factors, political factors, and cultural factors are all contributing forces that causes poverty. For economic factors, low wages would be the variable that would lead to poverty. We will write a custom essay sample on The Economic Factors Affecting Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Families that receive low wages would barely support their living expenses. Thus they would not have enough money for programs that would aid their children†s education. Some families think that crime has better incentives than working a low paying job and thus crime could be put in as an economic factor that leads to poverty. Not having enough money for programs like education leads to the individual behavior of illiteracy and lower education, since the parents cannot afford to send their children to upper level education. And if these children know that they have no future in higher education, they will not have the motivation to do well in school and thus dropping out of school. In turn this will lead to having low self-esteem because they know that they will basically be stuck in poverty for the rest of their lives. This will eventually lead to substance abuse because they need something to overcome their high levels of stress that is produced by low self-esteem. In turn substance abuse could lead to sickness and disease, and then could possibly lead to mental illness. Once this happens, individual behavior will cause families to be in poverty. For social factors, discrimination would be the variable that causes poverty. Racial discrimination from an employer could lead for that person to not receive a higher paying job, in which could lead to violence from the potential employee towards the employer. In turn a crime could be committed in revolt of the employer. Thus the social factor of violence interconnects with the economic factor of crime. Also racial discrimination could lead to institutional discrimination. Thus this will lead to substandard schools in which teachers are told to split up a class and place each student in a designated group depending on their race and the teacher†s assumptions of the student†s learning ability from their social classifications. For cultural factors, biased IQ test would be interconnected to substandard schools. These tests measure a student†s school achievement. And if there are substandard schools, the students who are placed into the higher groups, the will do better than those who are placed in a lower group. And thus these IQ tests would lead to the deficiency theory, which suggests that ‘the poor are poor because they do not measure up to the more well to do in intellectual endowment.† Also the social factor of racial discrimination is interconnected to the cultural factor of minority race. Those who are the minority, the main culture will produce basic assumptions about minority†s abilities to be successful or well to do. For political factors, meritocracy would be interconnected to minority race. Meritocracy basically is the social classification by ability. Thus the assumptions produced will the levels of ability. The power elite produces meritocracy. These are the people who believe that ‘the fundamental assumption of capitalism is individual gain without regard for what the resulting behaviors may mean for other people†, especially those in poverty. Also the poor are not significantly counted in the US Census, so the government is misinformed on the levels of poverty. How to cite The Economic Factors Affecting Poverty, Papers

Communication Skills as Career Filters free essay sample

Communication skills a. are not as important as technical skills for career success. b. are not necessary in todays competitive job market. c. are ranked by recruiters at the top of qualities they most desire in job seekers. d. cannot be learned; they are innate. ANS:C Studies confirm that recruiters rank communication skills at the top of qualities they most desire in job seekers. Your ability to communicate will make you marketable and continue to be your ticket to success regardless of the current economic climate. The good news is that effective communication can be learned. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 2 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 2. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Because todays workers are more geographically dispersed, the need for well-written messages has declined. b. Employers rank oral and written communication skills as less valuable than hard skills such as mathematical computation, computer literacy, and troubleshooting. c. Communication skills are critical to your job placement, performance, career advancement, and organizational success. d. Business letters and interoffice memoranda remain the top forms of business correspondence. ANS:C Communication skills are critical to job placement, performance, and career advancement because the need for well-written messages has increased, oral and written communication skills are the top skills demanded by employers, and digital communication has replaced business letters and memos. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 2-3 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 3. On the job you are more likely to be taken seriously and promoted if you a. look and sound professional. b. frame your degree or certificate and hang it on your office or cubicle wall. c. appear to be busy even when youre not really doing anything. d. attend office parties. ANS:A If you look and sound professional while working, you are more likely to be taken seriously and to be promoted. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 4 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 4. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Workers today communicate less than in previous years. b. Technology has not affected how and why we communicate. c. Businesses today generate a wide range of messages in a variety of media. d. Writing is a skill set used only by managers and corporate executives. ANS:C Because of technology, all workers will write more on the job and use a wider range of communication channels, including letters, memos, and e-mails. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 2-3 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1Information Technology; Tier 2Communication Evolution TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 5. Major trends in todays dynamic world of work include increased emphasis on self-directed work groups and virtual teams, heightened global competition, innovative communication technologies, new work environments, and focus on a. creating an entirely online presence. b. promoting from within. c. restructuring and downsizing. d. business ethics. ANS:D Because of recent publicized business scandals, companies are now eager to regain public trust and to build ethical environments. Many businesses have written ethical mission statements, installed hotlines, and appointed compliance officers to ensure strict adherence to standards and legislation. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 6-7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1Ethics; Tier 2Global EthicsTOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 6. Which of the following statements about todays business environments is most accurate? a. The number of telecommuting employees is expected to decline in the future. b. All companies assign offices for employees. c. Many employees today no longer need an office; they can work anytime and anywhere. d. Workers today spend more time in offices than workers in the past. ANS:C Technology advances allow todays employees to work anytime and anywhere with just a mobile phone and a wireless computer, causing the number of telecommuting employees to increase. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1Information Technology; Tier 2Communication Evolution TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 7. Which of the following statements is correct? a. Ethics is a priority for many businesses. b. Because of economic concerns, American companies are relying on local markets. c. Most companies encourage workers to work independently. d. Todays businesses are expanding their hierarchies to meet the demands of their workers and their competition. ANS:A After recent scandals, many businesses have a renewed interest in ethics and a dedication to regain public trust. In addition, these companies have expanded to global markets and have reduced layers of management to remain competitive. Companies also expect employees to work in teams more than ever. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 6-7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1Ethics; Tier 2Global EthicsTOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 8. Communication is defined as the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another. The crucial element of this definition is a. transmission. b. information. c. meaning. d. individual. ANS:C Communication is successful only if meaning is exchanged, making meaning the crucial element. You can send information; but if it means nothing to the receiver, true communication has not occurred. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Purpose TOP:Communication Skills: Your Ticket to Success 9. Converting ideas into words or gestures to convey meaning is called a. feedback. b. decoding. c. encoding. d. nonverbal communication. ANS:C The second step of the communication process involves encoding, converting ideas into meaningful words or gestures. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 10. The communication process begins when the sender a. determines the appropriate communication channel. b. has an idea. c. encodes an idea into a message. d. plans for feedback. ANS:B The communication process begins when the sender has an idea. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Purpose TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 11. Translating the message from its symbol form into meaning involves a. feedback. b. decoding. c. encoding. d. nonverbal communication. ANS:B The fourth step of the communication process involves decoding or translating the message from its symbol form into meaning. This step is often hard to achieve because no two people share the same background. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 12. Which of the following statements about feedback is most accurate? a. Feedback is the verbal response from the receiver. b. Senders should provide as much information as they can to their receivers to show their intellectual capabilities. c. Paraphrasing a speakers message is a waste of time. d. Feedback can include both nonverbal and verbal responses. ANS:D The verbal and nonverbal responses of the receiver create feedback. Although senders should provide only as much information as a receiver can handle, receivers can also improve the communication process by paraphrasing the senders message. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Audience TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 13. The medium over which the message is transmitted is the a. context of the message. b. encoding process. c. communication channel. d. decoding process. ANS:C The medium over which the message is transmitted is the channel. Messages may be sent by computer, telephone, letter, or memorandum. They may also be sent by means of a report, announcement, picture, spoken word, fax, or other channel. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Syn. /Asyn. Choice TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 14. Communication noise a. includes anything that disrupts the transmission of a message. b. is also called feedback. c. describes only externally produced sounds. d. occurs only during the encoding process. ANS:A Anything that disrupts the transmission of a message in the communication process is called noise. Examples of noise are telephone static, typing or spelling errors in a document, and poor cell phone reception. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 7 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Understanding the Communication Process 15. Many of us are poor listeners because a. the brain can process information at least three times as fast as people talk. b. we tend to tune out speakers whose ideas run counter to our own. c. we would rather talk than listen. d. All answer choices are correct. ANS:D Many of us are poor listeners because our brains can process information faster than speakers talk, because we tend to tune out speakers whose ideas run counter to our own, and because we would rather talk than listen. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 16. According to research, what percentage of our work time is spent listening? a. 50 percent b. 90 percent c. 10 percent d. 25 percent ANS:A Research has revealed that approximately 50 percent of our work time is spent listening. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 17. Which of the following statements is most accurate? a. Very few management problems are related to listening. b. The average person remembers nearly three quarters of what he or she hears following a10-minute presentation. c. We misinterpret, misunderstand, or change very little of what we hear. d. Most people are not very good listeners. ANS:D Most of us are not very good listeners because we dont remember even half of what we hear following a short presentation and because we misinterpret, misunderstand, or change nearly 70 to 90 percent of what we hear! Effective listening is also important to businesses because over half of management problems are related to listening. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 10-11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2AudienceTOP:Improving Listening Skills 18. Approximately how many words per minute do most North Americans speak? a. 375 b. 500 c. 250 d. 125 ANS:D Most North Americans speak about 125 words per minute, but the human brain can process at least three times as many words. Because we can process thoughts faster than speakers can speak, we often become bored and allow our minds to wander, which is barrier to effective listening. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 19. Peter must inform his employees that his company will need to let go of employees. Which word would be best for Peter to use when conveying this idea to his employees? a. Layoff b. Streamlining c. Downsizing d. Rightsizing ANS:A To prevent reactions due to language usage, Peter should probably use layoff to describe his companys need to let go of employees. All other answer choices reflect unfamiliar or unclear words that his audience might not understand. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Consequences, Receiver Reactions | AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical Considerations, Audience TOP:Improving Listening Skills 20. You can improve your listening skills if you follow tips for active listening, including a. keeping an open mind, establishing a receptive mind-set, and listening between the lines. b. establishing a receptive mind-set, concentrating on appearance and delivery, and sifting information through biases. c. capitalizing on lag time, concentrating on your next comment, and taking as many notes as possible. d. asking questions immediately, focusing on the speakers face, and concentrating on the details presented in the message. ANS:A Active listening includes stopping your talking, controlling surroundings, establishing a receptive mind-set, keeping an open mind, listening between the lines and for main points, capitalizing on lag time, judging ideas and not appearances, holding fire, and taking selective notes. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 11-12 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 21. Your boss is giving instructions for a new method of keeping expense accounts. However, you find it difficult to concentrate because you think the change is unnecessary. What type of barrier to effective listening are you experiencing? a. Language problem barrier b. Psychological barrier c. Physical barrier d. Nonverbal distraction barrier ANS:B You are experiencing a psychological barrier, which results from having different cultural, ethical, and personal values. Language barriers refer to word choices, physical barriers refer to problems in the setting, and nonverbal barriers refer to body language and other delivery dynamics. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: ApplicationNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 22. A listener who nods her head and maintains eye contact with a speaker is probably a. listening actively to what the speaker is saying. b. not understanding what the speaker is saying. c. faking attention while she listens to music on her MP3 player. d. formulating her response to a point with which she disagrees. ANS:A While it is possible this listener is confused, faking attention, or considering a snappy comeback, the eye contact and head nodding probably indicate she is listening actively to and is interested in the speakers message. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 12 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion TOP:Improving Listening Skills 23. Brian is attending a seminar on workplace efficiency and must make a presentation on this topic when he returns to work. Brian can increase his comprehension by keeping an open mind, listening for main points, taking selective notes, and a. closing his eyes. b. speaking up immediately when he has a question or does not agree with the speaker. c. filling in the lag time by mentally reviewing other tasks he must do that day. d. judging ideas, not appearances. ANS:D Brian will comprehend better, and probably make a better presentation back at work, if he judges ideas and not appearances. If he questions or disagrees with the speaker, he should not immediately speak up, and he should not let his mind wander to other tasks he needs to do. He also needs to maintain eye contact. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 11-12 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: ApplicationNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 24. Amelia has made a conscious effort to become an active listener. Therefore, she shuts down her computer, turns off her cell phone, and asks her assistant to hold all incoming calls when she conducts interviews. What technique is she using to improve listening? a. Keeping an open mind b. Establishing a receptive mind-set c. Capitalizing on lag time d. Controlling her surroundings ANS:D Active listeners strive to do all of these, but Amelia is focusing on controlling her surroundings by removing as many competing sounds and distractions as possible. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 11 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: ApplicationNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Improving Listening Skills 25. Which of the following statements about nonverbal communication is most accurate? a. Nonverbal communication comprises approximately 10 percent of a message. b. When verbal and nonverbal messages contradict, receivers believe that the verbal message is more accurate. c. Meanings of nonverbal behaviors are often influenced by ones culture. d. Nonverbal communication applies to only intended messages. ANS:C Nonverbal communication, which includes all unspoken and unwritten messages that are intended or not, is culturally based and may make up more than 90 percent of a message. In addition, nonverbal messages are usually more reliable than verbal messages when the two contradict. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 12-13 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Purpose TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 26. Which of the following is a form of nonverbal communication? a. Facial expressions, such as frowning or raising the eyebrows b. Eye contact, such as staring or avoiding looking someone in the eye c. Time, such as showing up too late or too early d. All of these choices are forms of nonverbal communication. ANS:D All of the options listed are forms of nonverbal communication. Facial expressions, eye contact, and use of time are just a few examples of the forms of nonverbal communication. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 13-14 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1CommunicationTOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 27. According to Edward T. Hall, in which spatial zone do most people converse with friends and family members? a. Intimate b. Personal c. Social d. Public ANS:A The intimate zone is usually reserved for the communications we have with friends and family. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 12 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Audience TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 28. According to Edward T. Hall, which spatial zone is the largest? a. Intimate b. Personal c. Social d. Public ANS:D The public zone represents the largest spatial zone and extends approximately 12 feet and beyond. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 14 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 29. Which of the following tips should you follow to improve your nonverbal communication skills? a. Focus only on the senders words when you are engaged in conversation. b. Proofread all correspondence you send. c. Avoid individuals from other cultures so that you dont start using nonverbal behaviors displayed in other cultures. d. Avoid asking the speaker questions when his or her nonverbal and verbal messages contradict. ANS:B Improving your nonverbal skills includes proofreading all documents for their appearance, watching a persons facial expressions and body language when he or she is speaking, and probing for more information by asking questions when ambiguity occurs. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 15 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical Considerations | AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Consequences TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 30. Nonverbal communication includes a. all unwritten and unspoken messages, intended or not. b. only body language and gestures that accompany a spoken message. c. only eye contact and facial expressions that support the meaning of the words. d. only cues that reveal agreement with or contradiction of the verbal message. ANS:A Nonverbal communication is all communication except the actual words (verbal communication). Body language, eye contact, gestures, and facial expressions are only a part of nonverbal communication. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 12 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Purpose TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 31. Most people think that the best predictor of a speakers true feelings is his or her a. facial expressions. b. posture. c. gestures. d. eyes. ANS:D While all of these types of nonverbal communication may provide some indication of the speakers feelings, most people think that the eyes are the best predictor of a speakers true feelings. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 13 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 32. Suzanne wants to make a good impression during a job interview. What should she do? a. Avoid eye contact with her interviewer to show respect. b. Slump down in her chair to show that shes relaxed. c. Wear professional business attire. d. Ask the interviewer to lunch. ANS:C Suzanne should wear professional business attire. She should also maintain eye contact to signal interest, attentiveness, strength, and credibility. In addition, she should encourage communication and interaction by leaning forward, sitting erect, and looking alert during the interview. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 13-15 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Rhetorical Considerations TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 33. The manager noticed that Stephen slammed his desk drawer right after he said that he was happy to work late. The manager should a. tell Stephen that he should behave more professionally. b. respond to the verbal message only and thank him for working late. c. politely seek additional information by saying, Im not sure that you really want to stay late. Do you have somewhere you need to be? d. fire Stephen for insubordination. ANS:C When you perceive nonverbal cues that contradict verbal meanings, politely probe for more information. You can improve communication and resolve confusion by asking a sincere, polite question. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 15 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2Audience TOP:Mastering Nonverbal Communication Skills 34. Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that a. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. b. results from a common gene pool. c. is created by a structured educational system. d. comes from an orderly system of government and laws. ANS:A Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. This culture or common heritage has nothing to do with a common gene pool, formal education, or laws. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 16 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives | AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion TOP:Understanding How Culture Affects Communication 35. Communicators in ____ cultures (such as those in North America, Scandinavia, and Germany) depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. They tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. a. high-context b. civilized c. ancient d. low-context ANS:D Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action-oriented. They depend little on the context of a situation to convey meaning. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 16 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Contexts TOP:Understanding How Culture Affects Communication 36. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? a. United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANS:D Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 16 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Contexts TOP:Understanding How Culture Affects Communication 37. Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? a. Valuing relationships, harmony, status, and saving face b. Relying on relationships and group decisions c. Keeping business and social relationships separate d. Assuming listeners require little background information ANS:C Communicators from low-context cultures keep business and social relationships separate, assume listeners know little and present information directly, value independence, rely on facts, and value getting down to business and achieving results. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 16-17 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: KnowledgeNAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Contexts TOP:Understanding How Culture Affects Communication 38. North Americans value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. These traits identify the cultural dimension of a. individualism. b. formality. c. communication style. d. time orientation. ANS:C In business situations North Americans tend to value straightforwardness and are suspicious of evasiveness. These values illustrate communication style. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 18 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Communication Style 39. Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? a. Mexico b. Greece c. Japan d. Germany ANS:D Because members of a low-context culture such as Germany consider words in contracts to be precise, important, and constant, they view contracts differently than will members of high-context cultures like Mexico, Greece, and Japan. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 18 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Contexts, Cultural Imperatives TOP:Understanding How Culture Affects Communication 40. Learning about beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciating them means displaying a. tolerance b. individualism. c. stereotyping. d. gender norming. ANS:A Developing intercultural tolerance means practicing empathy, being nonjudgmental, and being patient. To do so, you must first learn about the beliefs and practices different from our own and appreciate them. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 19 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 41. An American businessperson who thinks that all Swiss are hardworking, efficient, and neat is illustrating an example of a. ethnocentrism. b. tolerance. c. stereotyping. d. a cultural norm. ANS:C The belief that all members of a group have the same behavioral pattern is stereotyping and not ethnocentrism, tolerance, or a cultural norm. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 19 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 42. Robert frequently comments that he likes working independently because thats the American way? and the American way is the best way! Roberts belief in the superiority of his own culture is an example of a. stereotyping. b. individualism. c. ethnocentrism. d. communication style. ANS:C Ethnocentrism reveals itself in statements such as The American way is the best way. This type of ethnocentrism may be accompanied by stereotyping, which is an oversimplified behavior pattern applied to entire groups. Neither of these beliefs is likely to help you communicate with other cultures. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 19 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 43. Working with people from other cultures will require tolerance. One of the best ways to become more tolerant is by a. practicing empathy. b. increasing your individualism. c. encouraging ethnocentrism. d. knowing your communication style. ANS:A Tolerance requires you to have sympathy for and appreciation of the customs of other cultures. You develop this tolerance through practicing empathy, which helps you to see the world through anothers eyes. If you are more individualistic or ethnocentric, you will probably have less tolerance. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 19 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Knowledge NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 44. While conducting business with a customer from Italy, Zoe was careful to speak slowly and clearly, using short sentences and familiar words. However, she noticed that the customer had a glazed expression and did not understand her. Zoe should a. repeat what she has said in a louder voice. b. graciously accept the blame for not making her meaning clear. c. end the conversation until an interpreter can be found. d. require the Italian businessperson to restate the message in simple words. ANS:B Zoe did well to speak slowly, simply, and clearly with this customer. Now she should graciously accept the blame for not being clear instead of repeating the same words more loudly or asking the other person to restate her message. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 20 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 45. When speaking with someone for whom English is a second language, you should talk slowly, enunciate clearly, check frequently for comprehension, observe eye messages, listen without interrupting, and a. follow up important messages in writing. b. avoid smiling, which might make you appear to lack seriousness. c. use words that will impress the listener. d. assume that the listener understands if he or she nods and smiles in agreement. ANS:A When exchanging important information with someone for whom English is a second language, you should confirm the results and agreements in writing. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 20 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives | AACSB: Tier 1Communication; Tier 2AudienceTOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 46. When writing for a multicultural audience, you are more likely to be understood if you use short sentences and short paragraphs and if you include a. slang, such as This product really rocks! b. idioms, such as You can improve your bottom line by using this product. c. acronyms, such as ASAP. d. action-specific verbs, such as e-mail me if you have any questions rather than contact me if you have any questions. ANS:D A multicultural audience is less likely to understand American slang, idioms, or acronyms. The audience is more likely to understand clear writing that uses short sentences, short paragraphs, and action-specific verbs. PTS:1DIF:EasyREF:p. 20-21 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Comprehension NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Reflective Thinking; Tier 2Conclusion | AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural ImperativesTOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 47. Max is preparing a contract between his company and one in Mexico. What should he do when citing numbers in the contract? a. Use the metric system. b. Use American currency figures. c. Write all months as figures rather than as words. d. Avoid using any figures in the contract. ANS:A Max should express number as figures using the metric system. He should also convert dollar figures into local currency and avoid using figures to express months. For clarity, he should instead spell out the month. PTS:1DIF:ModerateREF:p. 21 OBJ:Blooms Taxonomy: Application NAT:AACSB: Tier 1Diversity; Tier 2Cultural Imperatives TOP:Learning Intercultural Workplace Skills 48. Which of the following is a benefit of a diverse work environment? a. Better ability to create the products desired by consumers b. Fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action c. Improvement of employee relationships and increased productivity d. All are benefits of a diverse work environment. ANS:D Diverse organizations create products demanded by consumers and experience improved employee relationships and i