The family must be patient in waiting

Enslavement is a grave problem that can't be disregarded. The more the compulsion is denied, the more issue it presents not exclusively to the junkie yet to the family too. Guiding is one potential arrangement on the most proficient method to move toward issues, for example, fixation. In any case, in advising, tolerance is needed.The family should show restraint in hanging tight for the moderate yet sure change that accompanies directing and furthermore persistence for the dependent relative. It will require some investment for guiding to produce results and it is a consistent procedure. Advising is characterized by and large as a procedure of investigating an individual’s life that relates to the issues causing enthusiastic torment or dissatisfactions while concentrating on improving their mental prosperity so that the customer will have the option to arrive at their maximum capacity after the program.An liquor and medication advocate manages the issues that could have caused the habit for the person. Before the real directing starts, the instructor must have the option to assemble well-suited and get the job done information and data with respect to the past and the current state of the person that needs counselling.Assessment or getting the premise information from the customer for treatment is one of the techniques utilized in advising. Upon section into the program, a sheltered and believing condition must be built up and afterward deciding the issue to be dealt with follows. In assurance of this issue, directing needs to include assessment.Assessment includes gathering relevant data and information about the customer. A few strategies that advocates use for appraisal incorporate subjective procedures, testing, conduct assessment and checking of past records, among numerous others.The information accumulated by the guide is then deciphered to have the option to plan a speculation or an analysis in regards to the client’s condition. In any cas e, appraisal isn't only a one-time undertaking. Evaluation should be dynamic and all through the program to guarantee that there has been an improvement in the customer. Since guiding is persistent, so is the surveying of the client.This can be of help to the treatment since whatever the customer is feeling as existing apart from everything else may change over the span of the advising. The goals that the customer has consented to meet upon today may must be changed as the days pass by either on account of progress or by retreat. Moreover, there may be new issues that rose because of the couple of remedial meetings that occurred as of now or there may be less issues than when the principal evaluation occurred.As previously mentioned, the appraisal of the customer can likewise be utilized as a reason for progress. Another accommodating device in surveying the customer is gathering and looking at the client’s past records. This is on the grounds that when just the customer is m eet and evaluated, the person may not know about the past issues or issues that the person in question was experiencing and thusly may conceal this from the present counselling.In expansion, these records might have the option to help the present advocate on what the past medicines done to the customer couldn't work, with the goal that the instructor would not put time and exertion in it. In enslavement directing, the imperative evaluation devices that are to be led all the time are the urinalysis and breath analyzer tests, notwithstanding oneself reports addictive behaviour.The Addiction Severity Index or the ASI, is a meeting that measures the seven fixation related zones which are medication and liquor use, clinical, family/social, mental, legitimate, and work/support troubles.As soon as the guide has made sense of what his activities or plans are, the customer would now be able to be occupied with the program. It is significant that the advisor and the customer have a type of ag reement or even a verbal concession to what the two of them intend to accomplish toward the finish of the treatment program. Thusly, the responsibility and the desires are both spread out in the open.Once the objective has been distinguished and the customer and advocate understanding is submitted into accomplishing it or least attempting to, an investigation procedure is begun upon by the counsellor.The guide will investigate on the various methodologies that the person can take to tackle the issue introduced before the person in question. There are a ton of arrangements and intercessions that the advocate can actualize yet the individual in question ought to be cautious in picking it.The factors that the individual ought to consider would be the ones that the person in question had the option to discover from the past evaluation that the person in question made. Now and again, to hear a second point of view, the guide can likewise look for a meeting to generate new ideas with thei r associates, though the personality of the customer isn't openly shared for classification purposes.When the investigation procedure is done and the advocate has conceived a methodology on the issue, he would now be able to browse the arrangements close by. Notwithstanding, picking one strategy or one arrangement presently doesn't imply that he can't change this all the while. Tweaking the methodology per client’s need might be important, yet it will consistently be the call of the guide to do such a move.

Topics For An Opinion Essay For 5th Graders

Topics For An Opinion Essay For 5th GradersChoosing the topics for an opinion essay for 5th graders can be a difficult process. You want to choose subjects that will allow your child to explore and express their thoughts, but you also need to consider whether or not they will be accepted by their teacher. Here are some tips on how to choose topics for an opinion essay for 5th graders.First, remember that the essay is intended to develop a child's knowledge about specific topics and provide them with skills that will be needed in the real world. In order to do this, they need to be introduced to and informed on these topics. This means that a topic for an opinion essay for 5th graders that is too advanced is not going to do much good.The second tip to follow when choosing topics for an opinion essay for 5th graders is to ensure that the topics are age appropriate. In other words, it doesn't matter how advanced the topic is, if it is not age appropriate then your child is just wasting their time. Additionally, you also want to make sure that the topics in the essay are relevant to their age group.Finally, make sure that the topic does not involve religious subjects, politics, sex, drugs, violence, or alcohol. As previously mentioned, many of these topics are very controversial. Therefore, by selecting topics that are not acceptable for these subjects, you are lessening the chance that your child will be taken off of the lesson plan for that week.If you feel that you may not be able to get your child to write an essay about a particular topic, ask their opinion on it, and then decide on another topic for that week. Often times, by doing this, the children will just not be interested in writing the essay and will just pass the assignment off to someone else. It is imperative that you go into this process with your child knowing that this essay is not for them, and that you have already chosen a different topic for that week.Once you have determined the topics for a n opinion essay for 5th graders, then you should prepare the essay. The first thing that you should do is write down the main topic of the essay and then write down the main ideas of the essay as well. Try to also include as many facts as possible, because if you only think up of one idea, your child will not be able to focus on the other ideas that you have included in the essay. This process can help you determine which ideas are more important than others, which helps you select the best topics for an opinion essay for 5th graders.It is also important to create a variety of essay assignments for your child. This can help them to develop different writing styles and can help them to gain experience in their writing ability. After all, if you have a variety of assignments to write, you will also have a variety of topics to choose from when it comes time to research the topic of the essay.Finally, make sure that you always read over the essays that you have prepared for your child. This is to ensure that you did everything possible to present the information correctly. Also, don't be afraid to have the children to rewrite parts of the essay if you feel that you may have left something out.

Doctors as Authority Figures in White Noise - Literature Essay Samples

In the novel White Noise, written by Don DeLillo, the Gladney family often succumbs to the supposed authority and superior knowledge of doctors. The Gladneys are extremely intimidated by the doctors and they feel as though the physicians are all-knowing and hold some kind of dominant power over them. Particularly, Jack is affected by the authority of the doctors after the airborne toxic event and his exposure to Nyodene Derivative. Out of the entire Gladney family, Jack shows the worst fear of the doctors and especially a fear of the information they retain. Because of this high authority, the doctors can make Jack feel uneducated and helpless, and feel as though his life hangs on every word the doctor says.During the scene in which Wilder cries incessantly and for no apparent reason, Jack and Babette decide to bring the crying boy to the doctors office in order to find out what could possibly be wrong with him. Just the thought of going to a doctors office causes Jack and Babette to panic. Jack and Babette attempt to prepare for the visit and they, tried to remember what hed eaten in the last twenty-four hours, anticipated questions the doctor would ask and rehearsed the answers carefully. (75). Jack says, It seemed vital to agree on the answers even if we werent sure they were correct2E Doctors lose interest in people who contradict each other. (75). The supposed high authority and omnipotent knowledge of a doctor throughly intimidates the couple. They were willing to go as far as lying to the doctor and risk receiving a false prognosis, if it meant that the doctor would see them as good parents. It seems to Jack and Babette that unless they have their act together and have practiced questions and answers ready for the doctor, that the doctor is probable to dismiss Wilder from his office without a proper diagnosis. It appears they feel as though they have to try and impress the doctor with how organized and together they are when it comes to their familys hea lth and their children.The trust in the authority of a medical doctor is shown to overpower the trust within the Gladney family. When Denise, their daughter who reads scholarly medical texts, suggests to give Wilder an aspirin and put him to bed, Jack and Babette disregard her idea and take him to the doctors office anyway. Ultimately, Wilders physician gives the Gladney family the exact same advice that Denise had previously suggested. When the doctor asks Babette why she didnt follow Denises advice she replies, Shes a child, not a doctor thats why. (77). Even though Denises advice is legitimate and Wilders condition was exceptionally trivial, Jack and Babette need to hear the advice from a higher authority before they could put their trust in their daughters opinion.Since Jack and his family put such high authority into the hands of doctors, they feel as though doctors arent so-called normal people and should be at the disposal of the public at all times and have all the answers to their patients questions. This point is displayed through the actions of Jack and Denise, who call Babettes doctor, Dr. Hookstratten, at his home after ten o clock at night. Jack seems to believe that a powerful doctor should be available all day, and every day to do his job and help concerned patients with their problems. However, Babettes doctor feels as though Jacks house call is completely unnecessary and out of line. Jack continues to insult the physician by describing Dylar as, a small white tablet . . . in an amber bottle (180). Dr. Hookstratten responds with, You would describe a tablet as small and white and expect a doctor to respond, at home, after ten at night. Why not tell me it is round? This is crucial to our case. (180). Here Jack displays his high expectations of a doctors knowledge when he expects the doctor to be able to identify the drug off the top of his head and with merely his mundane drug description.Not only does the Gladney family place a higher authori ty upon the doctors, the doctors also perceive themselves and want the patients to see them as having a superior authority and knowledge level above that of the common citizen. After his exposure to Nyodene Derivative and his fatal evaluation by SIMUVAC technicians, Jack frequently goes to his local physician, Dr. Chakravarty, for checkups, hoping to find out about the status of his health2E When Dr. Chakravarty tells Jack about his disturbing potassium levels, he talks as if the medical condition is beyond Jacks comprehension and gives him little to no information about his potassium problem. Could Jacks condition be so complex that the doctor couldnt possibly explain it to him in simple terms and stop flaunting his superior knowledge to Jack? The doctor responds to Jacks questions with such phrases as, There isnt time to explain. We have true evaluations and false evaluations. This is all you have to know. (260). He also replies with the statements, It could mean nothing, it could mean a very great deal indeed. . . . The less you know the better. (260). It almost looks as though Dr. Chakravarty isnt exactly sure what the problem is and doesnt want Jack to catch onto his lack of medical knowledge. Jack goes to the doctor looking for answers, but leaves with nothing but utter confusion of his condition and with an order to see a second physician.While Jack is visiting Autumn Harvest Farms, he is put through a series of bodily tests and the results to his tests are available for print out right away. The doctor tells Jack, I ask questions based on the printout and then you answer to the best of your ability. When were all finished, I give you the printout in a sealed envelope and you take it to your doctor for a paid visit. (277). The simple fact Jack cannot even see his test results immediately demonstrates the authority position that the doctors in White Noise uphold. Jack will probably leave the doctors office yearning to know what is going on in his body, b ut he cant open the envelope until he brings it to yet another doctor to be analyzed.Ultimately, that doctor reads into the section of the printout that shows traces of Nyodene Derivative in Jacks bloodstream. When Jack denies the fact that he has ever heard of the chemical the doctor replies with, The magnetic scanner says its here. Im looking at the bracketed numbers with little stars. (279). Also, before Jack leaves the office, the doctor hands him the envelope and reiterates, Your doctor knows the symbols. (281). Here Jack is bombarded with the fact his health and chances at death are represented by little symbols and scribbles that he cant understand even if he wanted to. He gives the doctor authority in this instance simply because he has no other option. Without the help of the doctors, Jack would never be able to understand the symbol jargon and he would never know the expectancy of his death.Another particularly interesting point is that Dr. Chakravarty originally sent Jack to Autumn Harvest Farms to find out more about his potassium problem. Not only did Autumn Harvest Farms not provide him with more information about his potassium condition, they sent him back to Dr. Chakravarty to analyze his test results. Here the authority of the doctors almost appears to be feigned. It seems that neither doctor can effectively analyze Jacks data and they keep sending him away for different opinions, hoping the other doctor can figure the results out. Basically, the doctors are giving Jack the runaround and are not providing him with any helpful information.When it comes to the Gladney family and their attitude concerning authority figures, Jack has the most developed opinion of them all. Jack has an intense fear of being brushed aside and ignored by an authoritative doctor. Jack comments, This fear has long informed my relationship with doctors, that they would lose interest in me, instruct their receptionists to call other names before mine, take my dying for g ranted. (76). His paranoia is centered upon having a doctor make him feel as though his dying is inconsequential or that his health is not a priority. Jack is simply afraid of being rejected by the doctor because he wants conformation that his life, or his death, is important in the eyes of authority. Jack also mentions that, Once youre shunted from the older doctor to the younger doctor, it means that you and your disease are second-rate. (179). He conveys the idea that younger doctors role in life is to treat the established doctors rejects. (179). Its a distinct message from the older doctor, a.k.a. the boss, that his problems arent as important as others. Jack makes it appear as though he believes that getting treatment from the younger doctor is an insult, and basically a slap in the face.Why is it that the Gladneys shake at the knees when in the presence of the assumed authority of their physicians? Why does Jack bestow all of his faith about his future into someone that is u ltimately just another human being? The answers to these questions can be summed up in two words: trust and intimidation. Jack and the Gladneys have little to no medical knowledge so their basic instinct is to put their trust into the hands of those who allegedly possess the necessary experience and expertise. Yet, with all the so-called authority of the doctors in DeLillos story of White Noise, not a single problem or sickness is diagnosed or treated.

Comparing Tekakwitha s Biographers Paint A Completely...

Tekakwitha’s biographers paint her in a completely pious life. She maintained perpetual virginity, renounced any intention of marrying, was adept at acts of self-immolation when repenting, and above all was a quiet and â€Å"behind-the-scenes† kind of woman. â€Å"As a child, the Jesuits relate, Catherine was shy, retiring, and good-natured [†¦] [and this] led her to shun social gatherings† (Greer 32). Apparently, a degree of social introversion and slightly abnormal behaviour are important criterion for an individual who is being evaluated for canonization. It is no doubt that Chauchetià ¨re and Cholenec see Catherine as fitting enough to analyze for this position of possible sainthood, but they actually do a disservice by not being completely accurate. In reality, according to Greer, Catherine was much more involved in her Mohawk community. This is an aspect where Greer’s account shines. He argues that the idea of Tekakwitha having the behaviour of an outcast seems â€Å"implausible† due to conflicting reports from many other Europeans (32). Women in the Mohawk community were â€Å"regard[ed] as the principal support of their families† but Greer goes on to explain that in earlier accounts, the Jesuits only mention Tekakwitha’s female relatives in passing, which is essentially problematic when historical accuracy is of such importance in hagiography (32-33). The recurring theme of paganism does to some extent explain why Chauchetià ¨re and Cholenec had to slightly alter their written accounts of

Effects Of Prolonged Sexual Abuse On Youth And Children

Abstract As the internet expands and the United States becomes a more interconnected nation through the use of computers, the conversation of sexual abuse has opened up a bit more. More and more people are discussing the events of sexual assault. There also appears to be a slight increase of support towards victims and the idea of speaking out. However, even if one was persuaded by this, essentially, web based support, there is a portion of untapped victims that, for the most part, are unable to encounter the internet world; children and preteen youth. Within my paper, I will provide a plan to counteract prolonged sexual abuse in youth and children. Introduction According to The National Center For Victims of Crime, â€Å"Self-report studies†¦show more content†¦There is very rarely, if at all, formal discussions explaining how to approach the situation. As a sexual assault survivor, I, myself, noticed a lack of knowledge on how to approach the situation. I was not sure who to go to, what to say, how to speak up and now I wish to provide a path for current victims to do so. Sexual Education isn’t taught often within many schools and if it is, there is almost never any information regarding sexual assault. To add to the issue, those who do seek justice aren’t always granted it. Convictions for sexual assault can be quite rare. It is often word against word due to lack of physical evidence. Even those who once had scars, often speak up when they are later in age, after the scars are long gone. That is one of the reasons it is crucial for a child to speak up as soon as it happens. These things often isolate the victim and adds to the idea of there being no way out. Research Design/Procedure As a solution to the issue, I would like to incorporate safe environments within schools that encourage speaking out against sexual abuse, or any type of abuse for that matter. I would like to place an 8 week course with Sumner Elementary School. 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Abuse can be traumatic for any individual but it is especially troubling when endured at one of the most vulnerable developmental stages of the person’s life. Although intervention has been known to help dramatically, children can be easily manipulated into keeping the abuse a secret. For this reason, an emphasis is placed on the importance of professionals constantly interacting with children, being able to recognize the signs and symptoms of abuse, so that any suspicionsRead MoreDevelopmental Narrative : Developmental Development951 Words   |  4 PagesDEVELOPMENTAL NARRATIVE According to the Search Institute, children who possess strong support in both external and internal developmental assets are less likely to engage in poor community engagement, criminal behavior, and/or other health-risk behaviors. 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Business Law of Australia Butterworths

Questions: 1. What common law duty and statutory duty if any has Julian breached? 2. What common law or statutory duty have Sol and Daniel breached? 3. If the directors have breached their duties do any of them have a defence and if not what are the consequences for them? Answers: 1. The corporations law in Australia is prescribed some duties for the directors of companies. The sources of these duties are the common law and also the Corporations Act, 2001 (Cth). Some duties they also be imposed on the directors by the constitution of the corporation. These duties have been imposed on the directors for the purpose of ensuring good corporate governance and also to ensure that the directors give preference to the interests of the corporation. The facts of the present case reveal that there has been a breach of duties by Julian as the director of Property Developments Ltd. These duties include the duties prescribed by the common law and also the statutory duties that have been mentioned in the Corporations Act. The duty prescribed by common law that has been breached in the present case is the duty of the directors to it bona fide. This duty is also called the duty of the directors to act in good faith (Woodgate v Davis, 2002). In view of this duty, the directors have to act in good faith and give preference to the benefit of their corporation. The statutory duty that has been breached by Julian is the duty of good faith. Section 181 of the Corporations Act carries the duty of good faith. In view of this duty, it is required that when the directors are using their powers and fulfilling their duties, it is necessary that the directors take action in good faith and they ought to also act for a proper purpose (Statewide Tobacco v Morley, 1990). The obligation imposed by section 181 is consistent with the fiduciary duty of the directors according to which the directors have to act bona fide (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, 2016). This obligation will be violated by the directors if they're going to use their powers improperly even if they believe that they are acting honestly. Another breach of statutory duty in these cases the duty of the directors that has been talked about in section 182. It has been declared by this obligation that the directors should not use their position improperly. It can be said that the directors have us ed their position improperly if they are going to achieve an advantage for themselves or for some other person or if they're going to affect a loss to the business. Julian wanted that her uncle Gerald should receive a benefit from the land deal that he was going to enter the Property Developments Ltd. in the same way, Julian had not told the other directors of the company that the architectural contract was going to be given to her brother Raphael. 2. It can be said that the two directors of the company, Sol and Daniel were accountable for violating their common law duty of care and diligence. Similarly, the two directors of Property Developments Ltd. can also be held liable for violating their statutory duty to prevent insolvent trading. This duty is present in section 588G, Corporations Act. According to this duty, the directors should prevent the company from trading if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that the company may not be solvent. In the same way, according to the duty of care and diligence, it is necessary that they remain aware of the financial position of the company at all times (R v Byrnes, 1995). This requirement includes information regarding the financial state of their cooperation. This is a very important duty and is not reduced even if the directors claimed that they have delegated this responsibility to some other person. Hence, the ignorance of the directors regarding the financial position of the company cannot be used by them as an excuse especially when such ignorance has been created by themselves (Harris, Hargovan, Adams, 2015). As a result of this duty, the directors are under legal obligation to ask questions related with the information that has been given to them by the employees of the company. By asking such questions, the directors can be assured that this information really signifies the situation of the business. Therefore the directors must not simply believe the information that has been given to them in the board meetings. 3. The common law business judgment rule has provided a defense to the directors. This rule has also been included in the Corporations Act and is mentioned in section 180(2). However there are certain requirements that have been fulfilled so that the directors and away the best provided by the business judgment rule. First of all, it is obligatory that the judgment is made in good faith (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). The judgment is also required to be made for proper purpose and no personal interest of the directors should be present in the subject matter of such a decision. The rule also requires that they have gathered proper information regarding the issues related with the judgment and they should rationally consider that their decision is in the best interests of the company. However in this case, it cannot be said that these requirements have been fulfilled. The result is that the defense of business judgment rule cannot be used by the directors of Property Development Ltd. When the directors are held liable for breach of their duties, the consequences include civil as well as criminal penalties. The criminal penalties prescribed for the directors consist of a fine up to $200,000 and imprisonment that may go up to five years if it is found that the directors have breached the provisions of section 184 or violated section 588G. Among the civil penalties for the directors in such a case include a penalty for sum up to $200,000. References Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition, Thomson Reuters Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, 2005, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 11th Edition Case Law R v Byrnes (1995) 130 ALR 529 Statewide Tobacco Services Ltd v Morley (1990) 2 ACSR 405 Woodgate v Davis (2002) 55 NSWLR 222 Business Law of Australia Butterworths Questions: 1. Advise Richard and his sons regarding the steps that need to be taken to incorporate and register a company? 2. The issue arises if Terry can sue Cosmo Mine Ltd (CM) which is the parent company of its employer? Answers: 1. In view of the facts of this case, it can be said that certain benefits will be available to Richard and his sons David and Liam if they decide to incorporate a company for expanding their business. As compared to the business section of a sole trader or a partnership, it is easier to expand the business in case of the business structure of a company. Although the costs associated with the registration of a company had hired as compared to running the business as a sole trader or apartment but in the long term, these costs can be treated as a part of business expenditure. At the same time, the mere registration of the name of the business is cheaper as compared to the registration of a company. However, after a company has been registered, there is no need to register the name as a business name (Sweeney, OReilly and Coleman, 2013). The reason is that in case of a company, the full name of the company, that ends with "Pty Ltd" is used by the business. In case of the ongoing costs, the business name registration has to be renewed periodically and a fee is charged by the government for this purpose. On the other hand, a registered company has to annual review fee to the ASIC. The major advantage that is present in case of the registration of a company is that of limited liability. In case of a company, the liability of the shareholders of the company is limited to the shares owned by them. On the other hand, sole traders and partners are fully liable towards the debts obligations of their business (Lipton, Herzberg and Welsh, 2016). Another significant benefit that is available in case of a company is related with tax. While individuals who are running their business under a registered business name only have to pay tax at the normal marginal rate, the companies in Australia have to pay tax at a flat rate that is less than the rate of tax charged from the individuals. The law also allows that a company can own property in its own name and similarly it can also enter contracts in its own name. In the eyes of law, after its registration, a company has its own legal identity (Graw, 2011). Therefore a company is treated as a separate entity that is distinct from its owners and directors. Before starting with the steps that are necessary for the registration of a company, it needs to be decided if the business structure of the company is most appropriate for the parties. In this case also, Richard and his sons have to decide if the business section of a company will suit their needs or if they should look for some other business structure. This decision has to be made, keeping in view the circumstances of the parties. For example in the present case, Richard's business is flourishing and his sons are also going to join the business. They want that the family business should be expanded and for this purpose, they want to select the appropriate form of business. Therefore, in this case the most suitable form of business will be the one that makes it easier to raise funds that will be needed for the expansion of the business. Another issue is that while Richard wants to name the company Ridali, his sons wants to name the business, "Rich's Guaranteed Olives". In this regard, it is worth mentioning that the registration of a company is different from merely registering a business name. White selecting the name of the company, there are certain issues that need to be considered. For example the name of the company cannot be identical with an existing name (Pentony et al., 2009). The parties can only use the name that is not identical with the name of an existing company or business name. Therefore it is a good idea to make name availability search for the purpose of seeing if the name that the parties not to give to their business, is available or not. However the law provides that if the parties have an identical name, such a name may be registered by them as the name of their company in some cases. It is also provided that their certain words that may mislead the people regarding the activities of the comp any and these words cannot be used, for example the associations with the government of Australia, Royal family or any organization of ex-servicemen. The name of the company should also show the liability of the members of the company and status in the name. For instance, if the liability of the members of the company is limited to any unpaid amount on the shares owned by them, in the name of the company is required to end with proprietary Limited. On the other hand if the liability of the members of the company is unlimited, the name of the company should end with Proprietary. On the other hand, if you want to display a different name, the option available is register such a name as a business name. Hence in the present case, Rich's Guaranteed Olives can register the business name as Ridali. The effect will be that the business can trade as Ridali and this name can be displayed on all signage. 2. The general rule that has been provided by the companies is known as the doctrine of separate legal identity of the companies. Salomon v Salomon (1896) was the case in which the court had presented this rule for the first time. While deciding the issue in this case, it was mentioned by the court that a corporation enjoys a separate personality in the eyes of law. In this way, according to the doctrine of separate identity, the law considers a corporation as having its own legal identity. Therefore the corporation enjoys the status of a distinct legal entity (Vermeesch and Lindgren, 2005). The result is that under the law, the company has been allowed to own property in its own name. Likewise, the liabilities of the company are also treated as its own liabilities. In view of the distinct legal identity of a corporation, the law allows a company to sue and be sued under its own name. Along with the doctrine of separate legal entity, there was the rise of the doctrine of limited liab ility of the companies. Consequently, the law treats a corporation as having its own distinct legal identity and in the same way, it is considered that a corporation has its own identity that is separate from the shareholders of the company. The result is the liability of the shareholders is restricted to the extent of the shares held by them in the company. Regarding the debts and liabilities of the company, the law provides that these obligations can only be enforced against the company. However, significant exception is present to the norm of separate legal identity. This exception is known as the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil. There have been certain cases when the court was of the opinion that it needs to move ahead of the norm of the distinct identity of the corporations. Hence, the court may decide to lift the corporate veil for the purpose of imposing liability on the persons who have ultimate control over the corporation. A similar requirement has also been described by the tort law according to which, in case of negligence, there is a need of the presence of a relationship of proximity between the parties. Similar case also exists with the norm of piercing the corporate veil. An example in this regard can be given of the case titled Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988) there is a need to hold the patent company responsible for the tort which were committed by the employees of its subsidiary company and as a result of which, another employee of the subsidiary comp any has contracted asbestosis. While deciding the case, the court arrived at the conclusion that it was not significant if the case can be described by using the principles of agency law or if the case is described by explaining the proximity that exists between the employees of the parent company and its subsidiary or if it is described in terms of control or even the help of the notion of lifting the corporate veil and in all these cases, the same ultimate result will be present. At the same time, they were the cases like Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989). In this case, the issue that had to be decided by the court was only concerned with negligence. Therefore the court faced the problem for joining the doctrine of corporate veil with the principle of foreseeability and the general nexus mentioned under the tort law. In view of the decided cases, it can be said that the legal position in this case is that when the subsidiary company lacks the resources to compensate the party under the tort law, such party has an option to claim compensation from the persons who ultimately control the Corporation. In view of this legal position, in the present case also, Terry can claim compensation from CM or from Lazarus Pty Ltd. The reason is that the shareholders of CMS had unanimously decided to wind up the company and as a result, the only option available to Terry is to claim compensation from the newly formed company, Lazarus Pty Ltd or from the parent company, CM. In this case it is clear that Lazarus Pty Ltd has been formed by the shareholders of CMS for the purpose of evading the liability towards the residents of Gunbarrel and the former employees of the company who had contracted cancer as a result of drinking contaminated water. CMS does not have the resources to pay compensation to these persons. On the other hand, CM owns 120 out of the 200 issue shares of Cosmo Mining Services Pty Ltd. At the same time, Cosmo Mine Ltd had complete control over the operations of CMS. CM leased the mining equipment and then the equipment was subleased to CMS and the subsidiary company was required to pay a leasing charge to CM that was equal to the bank's leasing cost along with 10 percent extra amount. References Harris, J. Hargovan, A. Adams, M. 2015, Australian Corporate Law LexisNexis Butterworths 5th edition, Lipton P, Herzberg A and Welsh, M, 2016, Understanding Company Law, 18th edition, Thomson Reuters Pentony, Graw, Lennard Parker, 2009, Understanding Business Law 3rd ed Butterworths Stephen Graw, 2011, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, 7th Ed., Thomson Reuters. Sweeney, OReilly Coleman, 2013, Law in Commerce, 5th Ed., LexisNexis. Vermeesch, R B, Lindgren, K E, 2005, Business Law of Australia Butterworths, 11th Edition Case Law Barrow v CSR Ltd (1988) Unreported Briggs v James Hardie Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549 Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1

Night Essays (649 words) - Holocaust Literature, Night,

Night Wiesel's Night is about what the Holocaust did, not just to the Jews, but by extension, to humanity. People all over the world were devastated by this atrocious act, and there are still people today who haven't overcome the effects. One example of the heinous acts of the Germans that stands out occurs at the end of the war, when Elie and the rest of the camp of Buna is being forced to transfer to Gleiwitz. This transfer is a long, arduous, and tiring journey for all that are involved. The weather is painfully cold, and snow fell heavily; the distance is greater than most people today will even dream of walking. The huge mass of people is often forced to run, and if one collapses, is injured, or simply can no longer bear the pain, they are shot or trampled without pity. An image that secures itself in Elie's memory is that of Rabbi Eliahou's son's leaving the Rabbi for dead. The father and son are running together when the father begins to grow tired. As the Rabbi falls farther and fa rther behind his son, his son runs on, pretending not to see what is happening to his father. This spectacle causes Elie to think of what he would do if his father ever became as weak as the Rabbi did. He decides that he would never leave his father, even if staying with him would be the cause of his death. The German forces are so adept at breaking the spirits of the Jews that we can see the effects throughout Elie's novel. Elie's faith in God, above all other things, is strong at the onset of the novel, but grows weaker as it goes on. We see this when Elie's father politely asks the gypsy where the lavatories are. Not only does the gypsy not grace his father with a response, but he also delivers a blow to his head that sent him to the floor. Elie watches the entire exhibition, but doesn't even blink. He realizes that nothing, not even his faith in God, can save him from the physical punishment that would await him if he tried to counterattack the gypsy. If the gypsy's attack had come just one day earlier, Elie probably would have struck back. However, the effect of the spiritual beating by the Germans was already being felt. The incident that perhaps has the greatest effect on Elie is the hanging of the pipel. He is a young boy with an innocent face who is condemned to death because he is implicated in a conspiracy, which results in a German building being destroyed. When the time for the hanging approaches, the Lagerkapo refuses to kick out the chair, so SS officers are assigned to do it. Unlike the necks of those he is hanged with, the young boy's neck does not break when he falls, and he suffers for over a half-hour. The suffering of the child is comparable to the suffering endured by many Jews during the Holocaust. He fought for his life, at times even seeing a bit of hope, only to be destroyed in the end. The Jews fought for everything they had, from their possessions at the beginning, to their lives at the end. The result, however, was the same. At the end of the war, Elie looks into the mirror, and says he saw a corpse. This corpse is Elie's body, but it has been robbed of its soul. This is similar to the loss suffered by people all over the world. Those not directly involved with the Holocaust were still alive physically, but their mind and spirit had long been dead. By the end of the war, Elie loses all of his faith in God and his fellow man, and this is the most difficult obstacle to overcome when he is released. Book Reports

buy custom Marijuana Legalization essay

buy custom Marijuana Legalization essay In many developed countries marijuana is illegal to trade, transfer, cultivate, or possess. In as much as no nation has been able to fully legalize marijuana, over 10 countries allow its cultivation or use in controlled quantities. The use of marijuana for medicinal purposes is tolerated in an increasing number of countries such as Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, Australia, and some states in America. Many nations have endorsed laws impacting the legality of marijuana, since the beginning of the 20th century. These laws have mainly concentrated on the transfer, possession, use, and cultivation of marijuana for recreational purposes. Most authorities have reduced the penalties for ownership of limited quantities of marijuana, so that marijuana related offenses are punishable by a fine and confiscation, as opposed to imprisonment. The punishments now concentrate on individuals who sell or traffic marijuana on the black market. Many drug courts and authorities have established treatment p rograms for frequent or young users, with their goal being to achieve freedom from drug use. The number of countries that allow marijuana use for medicinal purposes are few, in addition there are more restrictive changes being implemented in countries such as UK and Canada. Nevertheless, in some countries such as East Asia, being in possession of marijuana may result in long term jail sentences, and the sale of marijuana might even lead to life imprisonment or death penalty. This research paper addresses the history of the issue of marijuana legalization, arguments for its legalization, and arguments against its legalization. In the 19th century, medical practitioners use to sell the drug as tincture using the name cannabis. Cannabis was used by Queen Victoria to treat her menstrual pains, Sir John Reynolds, her personal physician, prescribed this drug for her and even went further to write about the advantages of marijuana in a medical journal. In an 1894, the government of India and the United Kingdom commissioned a report on the use of Indian hemp. The report was helpful in making the decision of whether to decriminalize the use of marijuana in both countries. By 1906, numerous states in the US began establishing regulations with regards to the sale of marijuana. In 1925, the exportation of Indian hemp was banned by the international opium convention to nations that had banned its use. The countries that imported marijuana were required to provide certificates which were essential in approving that the drug was only to be used for scientific or medicinal purposes. In 1937, the administration of F.D. Roosevelt came up with the first national law that made the possession of Marijuana illegal through an un-payable tax under the Marihuana tax act. The term marijuana is linked exclusively to the psychoactive use of the plant; it was popularized in English by the drug prohibitionists in America in the 1930s. These prohibitionists used the Mexican term marijuana so as to turn the public against the opinion that it should be legalized. The individuals who were against marijuana were oblivious of the fact that the drug was similar to cannabis indica, which was regarded as pharmaceutically safe. Nevertheless, some people support the legalization of marijuana by arguing that legalization will decrease crime, illegal trade, and will increase the revenue of government from taxes. For instance, marijuana is available in Canada as a palliative drug provided a patient has a medical prescription. In the United States, a mere 16% supported the legalization of t he drug in 1969. By 2005, the figure rose up by 20% to 36%, currently it is approximated that the figure is between 46% and 56%. Buy custom Marijuana Legalization essay

Business Strategy for Analysis of Wesfarmers

Wesfarmers is one of the leading organizations in Australia, and as a 102 year old organization, Wesfarmers has been dominating the retail market of Australia as well as New Zealand. Besides, the organization, headquartered in Perth, Western Australia, the organization deals with the production of fertilizers, chemicals, industrial products and many more. The organization employing as many as 2,00,000 people across Western Australian and New Zealand, the organization boasts of 4,00,000 shareholders, and owing to the diverse market, the organization has even greater prospect to flourish in future. Keeping this in consideration, it is important to conduct the environmental analysis of the organization (David and David 2016). The importance of environmental analysis of an organization cannot be overemphasized. It helps an organization to comprehend and analytically evaluate the strategies necessary for the survival and growth of an organization. As far as Wesfarmers is concerned, the internal analysis of the organization will help it in identifying the factors within the organization that can enable the organization enjoy sustainable competitive advantage. Hence, the application of the SWOT analysis method is highly beneficial here. With the help of the SWOT analysis method, Wesfarmers will be able to gain an insight into the strength, weakness, opportunity as well as threat of the organization (Grant 2016).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wesfarmers enjoys a diversified market, and as such the organization, with a huge variety of diverse business, comprising of Coles, Target, and many more, can easily experience persistent growth without the impact of industry downturn.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization is one of the most reputed organizations in the world, and it has earned huge brand recognition over the years.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization enjoys an exceptionally high growth rate in the market.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization has as many as 4,00,000 shareholders.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization has a strong presence in Australia, and hence as a large scale industry, the organization encounters strong business risk.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The profit making capacity of the organization is not as strong as it could be and the operating profit of the organization has been suffering a steady rate of decline since the last few years. For example, from the year of 2006 to 2007, the net profit of the organization dropped from $772.5 million, to $618.1 million (Kenny 2013).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The organization also operates in a highly competitive market.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The current financial crisis of Australia may harm the financial stability of the organization (Yuan 2013).  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global expansion will help the organization enhance its revenue and profitability, and as a widely recognized organization, it will be easier for Wesfarmers to establish itself beyond Australia and New Zealand.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The organization can enhance quality and its service.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The income level of the consumers is at a constant increase.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The cost of the raw material is increasing rapidly in Australia.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Huge competition from rival organizations, such as Woolworths, MetaCash Limited, Myer, and others (Biddle 2016). It is crucial for Wesfarmers to analyze the stakeholders of the organization. The organization has a huge number of stakeholders, such as shareholders, consumers, employees, government and media. The stakeholders are the main assets of any organization, and hence understanding their expectations is highly important. The consumers of any organization play an important role, and hence insufficient consumer involvement can be highly detrimental to the growth of an organization. The organization has conducted sufficient market research, which has helped it to evaluate the expectations of the consumers in a highly competitive market. The organization has recently invested an enormous amount of money for offering its service via online channels (Hackshall 2013). The organization has improved its optimism about retail sales, via the introduction of online shopping platforms. Besides, the employees also play a vital role in the organizational success of Wesfarmers. The organization has been providing on-job training so as to help the employees improve and enhance their professional skills. The quality of the workers increases with the opportunities they get to groom and enhance their professional skills. Further, the organization also employs a diverse workforce that allows it to hire people from various ethnic groups, such as Aboriginal Island and Torres Strait Island as well.   One of the best features of the employee engagement policy of Wesfarmers is that the organization adopts a diverse workforce, not only in terms of cultural diversity but gender diversity as well. As far as the consumers and the employees are concerned, Wesfarmers is successful in exercising a positive impact on the stakeholders. The organization communicates and updates each piece of information as well as the relevant procedures to the concerned stakeholders.   The managing authority of Wesfarmers believes in adopting the most effective communication strategy that will help it in communic ating each of its strategies or achievements to the stakeholders. Hence, the organization prepares and submits annual as well as half-yearly reports and announcements via the ASX (James 2013). Apart from the internal factors, Wesfarmers is also required to identify and assess the external factors of an organization, bot at the micro as well as in the macro level. The major advantage of the external environmental analysis is that it will help Wesfarmers understand as well as to evaluate the size and opportunity of growth in the market, the intensity of the competition existing among the rival organizations, and to estimate the impact of the market condition on the profit earning capacity of the organization. In order to conduct an external environmental analysis, Wesfarmers is primarily required to conduct the PESTEL analysis. The PESTEL analysis of an organization explains the framework of macro-environmental factors, such as the political factors of the economic factors that directly influence the growth or profitability of an organization. The PESTEL analysis of Wesfarmers is as follows: Political: By the political factors, is implied the extent to which the government of a country plays an important role in influencing the business of an organization, in the form of taxes, or other legal regulations. Coal mining is an important department of Wesfarmers, and it should be remembered that the federal government of Australia has made it mandatory that the exploitation of the mining industry has to be approved by the state government of the respective state. The government t policies of Australia are more focused on the elimination of the trade protectionism, and restrictive policies, and as a result free trade can be conducted by the foreign organizations much more conveniently by the foreign organizations. This policy of free trade may not facilitate the economic growth of Wesfarmers, as a large number of non-Australian retail sectors may get easy entry into the market. This can definitely imply huge competition for Wesfarmers (Antonini 2016). Economic : The economic factors of an organization , such as interest rates, exchange rates, inflation rate can largely affect the growth of an organization. Service sector plays an important role in the market of Australia, and in fact it is noteworthy that 71.1 % of the GDP of Australia is being contributed by the service sector only. Finance and service are the two most important service organizations in Australia, an keeping this into consideration, it can be stated that the insurance market of Wesfarmers can enjoy a highly profitable position in the market of Australia. Social: The social environment of Australia also plays an immensely important role for the future growth of Wesfarmers. Social factors such as demographics, cultural trends, population analytics play an important role in the success of an organization. It is important to note here that most of the citizens of Australia tend to rely on one-stop shopping method.   The Australians usually prefer to buy the necessary items in large quantity once in every week, so that it can suffice for the rest of the week. Hence, it is favorable for Wesfarmers to have the supermarkets and departmental store chains in Australia (Chan et al. 2013). Technological: . It should be remembered that sustainable method of conducting business, plays an extremely important role in Australia. Hence, organizations such as Wesfarmers also are required to rely more on technologically progressive means of production that can help the nation maintain its ecological sustainability in future. Keeping this in mind, it is important to note here that Wesfarmers has adopted the use of low emission coal technology which is an innovative change that is expected to sustain the business in future. Coal mining, energy, chemicals and fertilizer production are some of the most important areas Wesfarmers works in, and hence good technological foundation as well as continuous innovation is highly needed for the future development of the enterprise (Luftman 2013). Legal : There is a variety of new laws ruling and governing the trade system of Australia, such as the labor law business laws, resource law and many more. The organization is required to abide by each, while conducting trade. Environmental : Ecological sustainability plays an integral role in the process of conducting business in Australia, and hence organizations such as Wesfarmers has been creating value for its consumers for its shareholders via sincere engagement for a wide range of environmental issues, such as prevention of environmental pollution, conservation of energy, and many more. It is noteworthy here that the organization operates its business activities in accordance with the 10 Community and Environmental Impact Principles that sets the guideline to the organization for energy efficient means of production. The in initiatives undertaken by the organization, for ensuring community well-being, decreasing product packaging, or maintenance of ecological sustainability help the organization conduct business smoothly in Australia (Islam et al. 2016). In order to adopt the most effective strategy required to enhance the competitiveness of the business organization, the Five Forces Analysis of Wesfarmers is needed: Threat of New Entrants : Wesfarmers is one of the most recognized organizations in Australia, that deals with the production and retail trade of various items, such as energy, industrial and safety chemicals, fertilizers, hardware, insurance and many more. Hence, it can be understood that Wesfarmers has a higher entry obstruction as far as its competitors are concerned. Owing to its recognition, and brand awareness as well as its diverse market, the threat of new entrant is low (Dobbs 2015). Supplier Power: Wesfarmers avails its resources from different markets, as a result of its diverse variety of products it deals with, however it should be remembered that there is only a limited competition in the supplier market of Wesfarmers. Hence, this can be a major obstruction for Wesfarmers, as the organization is depended on too many suppliers at a time (James 2013).   Buying Power : Wesfarmers regularly conducts sufficient market research to understand the changing expectations and modern trends of the buyers. The organization also promotes its sustainable approach of conducting business that fetches further recognition to an already recognized organization like Wesfarmers. Hence, the buyer power is moderate, given the strategy adopted by Wesfarmers, despite the competitive market the organization operates in (Hubbard 2014). Competitive Rivalry: Wesfarmers is still one of the most recognized organizations of Australia, and it is needless to state that the organization is absolutely dominating the Australian retail market. The organization is already enjoying competitive advantage in the region, and hence the risk of competitive rivalry is low for the organization (Silva 2012). Threats of Substitutes: The threat of being substituted was undoubtedly high for Wesfarmers even in the last few years, however, the organization has adopted environment friendly, energy efficient method of production and has introduced a very high quality consumer service that can is sure to provide the organization with competitive advantage. Hence, the threat of substitute is low (Booth and Coveney 2015). From the above analysis, it can be concluded that Wesfarmers enjoys a very strong position in Australia, and the organization has a huge prospect to flourish in future as well. The environmental analysis of the organization is a strategic tool that helps in assessing and analyzing the internal as well as external factors that facilitate or threaten the market condition of the organization. Wesfarmers is one of the leading names in the retail industry of Australia, however, it is important for the organization to be aware of its strength, weakness, competencies and other requirements so that it can bring about the desirable improvement in the organization. Again, at the same time, the organization will need to adopt the necessary strategy to sustain itself in a highly competitive market, and hence the organization must also conduct external analysis to have a comprehensive knowledge about the economic trends of the market, rival giants as well as the opportunities and threats in the r etail market of Australia. Antonini, C., 2016. An empirical analysis of environmental externalities incidence on financial performance. Biddle, I., 2016. The Wesfarmers/Woolworths duopoly war: The Bunnings vs. Masters battle.  Busidate,  24(3), p.3. Booth, S. and Coveney, J., 2015. ‘Big Food’—The Industrial Food System. In  Food Democracy  (pp. 3-11). Springer Singapore. Chan, E., Yau, O.H. and Chan, R., 2013. Consumer sentiment in Australia: a replication and crossà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ national comparison.  Asia Pacific International Journal of Marketing. da Silva, M., 2012. A broad business challenge-Sustainable Company of the Year.  Ethical Investor, (98), p.14. David, F. and David, F.R., 2016. Strategic Management: A Competitive Advantage Approach, Concepts and Cases. Grant, R.M., 2016.  Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley & Sons. Hackshall, D., Kassis, N. and Sutherland, J., 2014. Putting the customer first.  CIO, (Spring 2014), p.16. Hubbard, G., Rice, J. and Galvin, P., 2014.  Strategic management. Pearson Australia. Islam, M.A., Jain, A. and Haque, S., 2016. A Preliminary Analysis of Australian Government’s Indigenous Reform Agenda ‘Closing the Gap’and Corporate Accountability. In  Key Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility  (pp. 341-354). Springer International Publishing. James, D., 2013. Supermarket self-regulation is a joke.  Eureka Street,23(24), p.55. James, H., 2013. Tag Archives: Strategic Management.  Evolutionary Theory. Kenny, G., 2013. The stakeholder or the firm? Balancing the strategic framework.  Journal of Business Strategy,  34(3), pp.33-40. Luftman, J., Zadeh, H.S., Derksen, B., Santana, M., Rigoni, E.H. and Huang, Z.D., 2013. Key information technology and management issues 2012–2013: an international study.  Journal of Information Technology,  28(4), pp.354-366. Yuan, H., 2013. A SWOT analysis of successful construction waste management.  Journal of Cleaner Production,  39, pp.1-8.

Nelson Mandela, A great leader of our Time Term Paper

Nelson Mandela, A great leader of our Time - Term Paper Example South Africa’s Nelson Mandela is one such leader who has captivated the imagination of the entire world, transcending geographical and political boundaries. He is the recipient of numerous, richly deserved awards and accolades, including the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize, the 1988 United Nations’ Human Rights Award, the 1998 US Congressional Gold Medal , the 2002 US Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the British Order of Merit. A commemorative stamp in Mandela’s honor was issued by the USSR in 1998. Zimbabwe declared ‘Mandela Day’ as a national holiday in 1990, and his statue was erected in London’s Parliament Square in 2007(Biography.com, n.d.). Nelson Mandela personifies exemplary leadership. Mandela himself argues that "I was not a messiah, but an ordinary man who had become a leader because of extraordinary circumstances." (Brink, 1998, p.1). A study of his life and works gives us manifold insights into the workings and personality of this great leader. The mark of a leader is evident in every stage of Mandela’s life: as a young man, during his long incarceration, and as a senior citizen of the world. Rolihlahla Mandela was born on 18 July, 1918, at Mvezo. In 1927, after the death of his father, Nonqaphi Nosekeni, principal advisor to the Thembu Chief, Jongintaba Dalindyebo, Mandela was adopted into the Xhosa chieftain’s family. He was a close observer of the tribal meetings under the chieftain, where every man was free to express his opinion on perfect terms of equality. Mandela admits that â€Å"My later notions of leadership were profoundly influenced by observing the regent and his court† (1994, Part One). Mandela, by his own admission, adopted the chieftains’ axiom for leadership, â€Å"a leader, he said, is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind† (M andela, 1994, Part One). He developed the habit of giving everyone a patient hearing before expressing his own stand and always strived for consensus. Mandela remained a staunch supporter of the institution of traditional tribal chiefs as an integral part of African culture. In this context, it can be argued that Mandela himself was ‘a great man,’ born with innate traits of a leader. Mandela’s boyhood was spent cattle-herding. At the local mission school, he was named ‘Nelson.’ He joined the protest movement against apartheid as an undergraduate at the University College of Fort Hare. He was elected to the Student Representative Council (SRC) in his second year. Endorsing the vote of the majority of the students to boycott, in their agitation for better food and more student representative power, Mandela resigned his position. The University expelled Mandela. (Brink, 1998, p. 2). Here, we see the first evidence of his leadership, and ability to gener ate support and cooperation from his followers. He completed his B.A. through correspondence, and enrolled for his LLB. In 1952, he founded the law firm Mandela and Tambo, providing free and low-cost legal counsel to unrepresented blacks, who acknowledged his transformational leadership. His full-fledged political career commenced in 1943, when he joined the African National Congress (ANC). In 1944, Mandela, showing the initiative of a leader, co-founded the

Medicine Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Medicine - Lab Report Example FEV1 or FEV 1 / EVC % ration between males and females. Heart Rate is defined as the number of heart contractions in 1minute and Stroke Volume is the amount of blood ejected by heart in each beat. Cardiac output in a resting individual of average size is about 5 liters/minute. In an untrained individual heart rate is about 72 beats per minute so stroke volume is about 70 milliliters. 2. OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY OF BLOOD: Hemoglobin present in our Red Blood Cells binds the Oxygen present in the blood and forms Oxyhemoglobin during pulmonary circulation. The blood is circulated to different parts of the body including skeletal muscles. 3. SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS: Of the three factors determining maximum oxygen consumption, the most important is the role of skeletal muscle. The larger the mass of exercising skeletal muscle , greater the potential for increasing whole body oxygen consumption. Example: A runner running on a treadmill at a given speed requires certain amount of oxygen. If he increases the speed, the amount of oxygen required would also increase. The runner keeps increasing the speed and hence the corresponding oxygen requirement also increases until a point is reached where he can't increase the speed. The volume of Oxygen used by muscles at that point is optimum which is defined as VO2 Max. GREIWE, J. S., L. A. KAMINSKY, M. H. WHALEY, and G. B. DWYER. ... The volume of Oxygen used by muscles at that point is optimum which is defined as VO2 Max. EXPLAINING VO2 MAX TO A LAYMAN VO2 Max: - V= Volume, O2 =Oxygen & Max= Maximum VO2 Max is calculated in "ml/Kg/min" Example: If my client is 24Year old and his VO2 Max is 24 ml/Kg/m, As for a layman I will explain him that in 1 minute, 1 Kg of his body weight consume a maximum of 24 ml of oxygen to provide energy. COMPARING VO2 MAX RESULTS WITH ASTRAND AND YMCA TESTS GREIWE, J. S., L. A. KAMINSKY, M. H. WHALEY, and G. B. DWYER. Evaluation of the ACSM sub maximal ergo meter test for estimating VO2max. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. Vol. 27, No. 9, pp. 1315-1320, 1995. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the reliability and validity of maximal oxygen uptake estimates (ESTmax) from the ACSM sub maximal cycle ergo meter test. Subjects included 15 men and 15 women aged 21-54 yr who performed two sub maximal tests and one maximal cycle ergo meter test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). During the sub maximal tests, heart rates (HR) were recorded from a radio telemetry monitor. ESTmax was predicted for both sub maximal trials by extrapolating HR to an age-predicted maximal HR. Correlation coefficient and standard error of measure (SEmeas) for ESTmax between submaximal trials were r = 0.863 and SEmeas = 0.40 l. min-1, while a t-test revealed no significant difference between trials. Although trial means were not significantly different, la rge variation in individual cases was evident by the high SEmeas (0.40 l.min-1) and by a large SEmeas expressed as a percentage of the mean (13%). The mean of the two ESTmax significantly overestimated measured VO2max with percent error, total error,

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Essay example -- Technology Gover The Digital Millennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) "was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nation's copyright law into the digital age." ("Executive Summary DMCA Report") While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: "The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress by the entertainment industry lobbyists to protect its monopoly on commercially-developed digital content, cartels, price-fixing, and to maintain its status quo as the single entity that can direct what should be 'popular' or 'used' by the consumer masses." (Forno) Since its enactment, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act has been a controversial topic of debate and evaluating the relationship between United States copyright law and technological change is an ongoing, delicate issue for Congress. "The DMCA is the product of the obligations of the United States to implement two international treaties proposed by the World Intellectual Property Organization. Both treaties provide that contracting states shall provide adequate legal protection and effective legal remedies against the circumvention of effective technological measures that are used by copyright owners with respect to their works." (Ottaviani C1) In addition, it exists for the purpose of advancing two goals, "to protect intellectual property rights in the modern digital environment and to promote continued growth and development of electronic commerce." (Ottaviani C1) The law was enacted perhaps with a valid purpose and with the interests of the people in mind, ho... ...mately our human rights. Works Cited Electronic Frontier Foundation. "National Security and Individual Freedoms: How the DMCA Threatens Both." 18 July 2001 [last update]. http://www.infowarrior.org/articles/2001-05.html 1 November 2002. Executive Summary Report. "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."18 November 2002 [last update]. http://www.loc.gov/copyright/reports/studies/dmca/dmca_executive.html 18 November 2002. Hoppin, Jason. "Copyright law faces court test." The National Law Journal. April 1, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Ottaviani, John E. "DMCA faces free speech challenges." The National Law Journal. October 22, 2001. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002. Thibodeau, Patrick. "DMCA." Computerworld. December 2, 2002. Online. Lexis Nexis. Electronic Periodicals. 1 December 2002.

Economic Growth Essay

There are different drivers of economic growth into country and research has to some extent also demonstrated that it can be associated with typical characteristics of the country too. Explaining economic growth through a relatively new theory of endogenous growth suggest that policy measures, if taken properly, can result into long term benefits for the country and that the country does not necessarily need to rely on the external or exogenous factors such as technological innovation. The neo-classical models of growth advocated that in order to attain a consistent long term economic growth, a consistent change into the technological advances such as new processes, new goods and new markets etc must take place. (Aghion et. al, 1998). It has always been believed that high investment and saving rates in any country tend to sustain high economic growth in that country and that coupled with relatively stable economic outlook, a higher saving rate can significantly result into greater economic growth because a larger pool of funds will be available to the firms, in the shape of household savings, that can be utilized to the best possible efficiency. It is also imperative to discuss here that the trends of saving markedly differ in developing as well as developed countries as developing countries tend to have high saving rates due to relatively smaller propensity to consume of the general masses. Since developing countries do no possess the strong manufacturing base therefore consumption tends to be relatively low as compared to the developed countries and people prefer to save rather than spend. (Aghevli, at. al, 1990) One of the most important aspects of economic growth is how the saving rates in a country shape and how they with respect to the different economic variables. However, over the period of time, research has also demonstrated that saving rates show a correlation with different economic variables in any given country. Though the same characteristics may be find over some regions however it is still believed that country’s individual characteristics such as demographics, rule of law, public finances, also show some relationship with the saving rates. It has been also successfully demonstrated that the saving rates are uneven across the countries confirming to the argument that saving rates respond to certain characteristics which may be typical of that country or region however in a study conducted by Hondroyiannis (2006) suggested that â€Å"A long-run saving function sensitive to dependency ratio, old dependency ratio, liquidity, public finances, real disposable income growth, real interest rate and inflation is found to exist†(Hondroyiannis,2006) in European countries. Thus, to some extent, it can be easily inferred that the saving rates in a particular country or a region show some related characteristics and tend to get affected by different so called country specific characteristics however the impact is in long run with little or no impact been witnessed on the short run saving rates within any country. One of the most interesting findings of the research also suggest that the government savings, in any particular country, are not particularly exogenous in nature and respond to the political as well as economic determinants of the country. (Edwards,1996). This cross country analysis conducted by Edwards strongly suggested that public savings in countries with higher degree of political instability are lower than the countries with relatively stable political situation at hand. References 1. Philippe Aghion, Peter Howitt, Maxine Brant-Collett, Cecilia Garcia-Penalosa (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. New York: MIT Press. 694. 2. George Hondroyiannis. (2006). Private saving determinants in European countries: A panel cointegration approach . The Social Science Journal. 43 (4), 553-569 . 3. Sebastian Edwards. (1996). Why are Latin America’s Savings Rates So Low? An International Comparative Analysis. Journal of Development Economics,. 51 (1), 5-44. 4. Bijan B. Aghevli, James M. Boughton, Peter J. Montiel, Del Villanueva (1990). The Role of National Saving in the World Economy. New York: International Monetary Fund. 64.

Slavery Dbq - 835 Words

The time period from 1775 to 1830 was full of changes. The United States was developing into its own country, with its own freedoms. As the government began to settle, the issue of slavery was ever present. Nobody was quite sure of how to handle slavery. While some people fought to have slavery abolished, others completely opposed the idea of no longer having slaves. It was during this time period that many slaves managed to gain their freedom; however slavery as an institution continued to expand. Even though the many states passed laws outlawing the practice of slavery, the slave trade in the states that still allowed slavery grew immensely. During The Revolutionary War, The British Army called upon slaves and indentured servants to†¦show more content†¦Religion gave the African American hope, for they selected stories from the bible that applied to their lives of oppression, and it helped them to see freedom. Religion was extremely important to the freed people because it gave them a place to all be together as a community (Doc D). Although they weren’t fully granted all the same basic rights as a white man, freed slaves were still very grateful to many whites. They even saw whites as â€Å"instruments in the hand of God,† for the whites not only helped them achieve freedom, but helped them to have better lives (Doc E). Not all whites were radical abolitions who wanted complete and total rights for African Americans, but some took a more moderate standpoint. They still supported the abolitionist cause, but were more fond of the American Colonization Society (Doc H). They merely wanted everyone to revert back to their old ways of life, as if slavery had never taken place. Even some slave owners weren’t completely opposed to the idea of freeing their slaves, and would let their own slaves purchase their freedom (Doc F). In a sense, this shows that slavery was dying out on its own. Freedom for all slaves seemed to be inevitable. Wh ile the time period from 1775 to 1830 may seem like an era of freeing slaves and ending slavery, the institution of slavery expanded. The North may have been abolishing slavery, but slavery continued to grow rapidly in the south (Doc C). Having slaves was just economically efficient forShow MoreRelatedDbq on Slavery793 Words   |  4 Pages in many places African Americans gained their freedom from slavery and in others, the institution of slavery expanded. Eventually, slavery became abundant in places where it was most necessary and died out in the places where it was of little use. In response, most free African Americans and enslaved African Americans took action against their maltreatment by petitions and willingness to fight. The first trend of declining slavery was visible from the first declared emancipation of slaves byRead MoreDbq on Slavery765 Words   |  4 PagesQUESTION: What was the scope and the attitude of people toward the institution of slavery in the world from the beginning of civilization to the dawn of modern times? Note to the wise: Look at the content of the documents, the place at which the document originated, and the time at which the document was written. Also consider who wrote the document and how that individual feels about the institution of slavery. Document 1 The Judgements of Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.) Mesopotamia| If a manRead MoreAbolition Of Slavery DBQ Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Abolition of Slavery DBQ Essay Slavery in the United States first started in 1619, when African slaves were transported to Jamestown, a settlement in the colony in Virginia. These slaves were brought to the United States primarily to help with the making of crops, especially tobacco. The practice of slavery remained present throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in other colonies of the United States, which helped build and strengthen the American economy as a whole. In 1793, theRead MoreDbq: American and Muslim Slaveries1164 Words   |  5 PagesDocument-based Question: American and Muslim Slaveries Slavery is as old as the world s first civilizations. Two important slave movements were the one across the Sahara Desert and another along the East African coasts of the Indian Ocean, both of which terminated in slave markets in the Muslim world. The subject of slavery is viewed in contrast by different parts of the world. Narrowing to the topic of slavery in the Americas and the Muslim states, it is apparent that the two regions containRead Morewhat were the different views towards slavery DBQ1258 Words   |  6 Pagesattitudes of my understanding the document. These documents are all based on the institution of slavery and the attitudes about slavery. I put these eight documents into two groups and those are for slavery and neutral attitude thought about slavery. These eight documents are all sorted by attitude and are going to be from the beginning of time to modern day. The first group is the thought that slavery was a good thing. The first document in this group is document number one. This document statesRead MoreAlison Brady. Period 5. December 4, 2012. Dbq #1. Slavery1637 Words   |  7 PagesAlison Brady Period 5 December 4, 2012 DBQ #1 Slavery was the main cause of the breakup of the Union and influenced other factors, such as territorial expansion, industrialization and economic tensions, and political alignments. Combined, all of these conflicts, with slavery at the root, led to the conflicts in the nation that started the Civil War. The issue of slavery caused conflict regarding new territories, economic stratification, and political turmoil. All of these tensions served to divideRead MoreImperialism : Economic Benefits For Larger Countries1147 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism DBQ Essay Imperialism has economic benefits for larger countries but it is mainly used as an excuse for sophisticated, industrial countries to expand their empire at the cost of the people of uncivilized territories. First, imperialism over empowers the oppressors to the point of dictatorship, and leaves the native people as no more than slaves. The idea of slavery has a very dark history in America, but not only America has experienced the horrors of slavery. Documents 3, 4, 5, 8, 9Read MoreAlthough New England and the Chesapeake Region Were Both Settled Largely by People of English Origin, by 1700 the Regions Had Evolved Into Two Distinct Societies. Why Did This Difference in Development Occur?784 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. Why did this difference in development occur? AP U.S history DBQ #2 8/28/12 The New England and the Chesapeake regions were both from English origin. However, they had completely different societies. Each settlement had different intension of why they wanted to settle in the new world. New England and Chesapeake colonies hadRead MoreThe Role of Capitalists Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesNick  Reynolds   12/4/14   U.S  History   G  Block   The  Role  of  Capitalists  DBQ   Many  capitalists  worked  to  shape  post  Civil  War  America  through  building  new   businesses  to  employ  many  people  and  create  new  jobs  as  well  as  change  America  through   creating  new  inventions  such  as  a  faster  and  cheaper  way  of  producing  steel  and  discovering   the  uses  and  increasing  demand  for  oil.  All  of  these  inventions  would  change  America,  with   the  faster  and  more  efficient  method  of  steel  production  massive  skyscrapers  rose  in  the  Read MoreSugar Dbq949 Words   |  4 PagesSugar DBQ During the sixteenth through the eighteenth centuries the sugar trade was driven by high consumer demand, and the slave trade. Sugar was so high in consumer demand and addicting that in certain areas an average person would consume sixteen pounds a year. Evidence of this is shown in document G. The document conveys the annual per capita consumption ( in pounds ) from the year 1700 to the year 1770 in England. When analyzing document C, readers realize that the high amount of consumption